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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 3 (part of test 2) > Flashcards

Module 3 (part of test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Infective endocarditis was FIRST referred to as?

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

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2
Q

What are 3 causative agents in Infective Endocarditis?

A

Strep
Staph
Candida

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of VALVES IE affects?

A

NVE- natural valve endocarditis

PVE- prosthetic valve endocarditis

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4
Q

Nosocomial means?

A

infection acquired at hospital

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5
Q

80-90% of IE cases come from what 2 sources?

A

Strep

Staph

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6
Q

What bacteria (found in normal flora of mouth and GI) cause IE?

A

Streptococci Viridans

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci

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7
Q

What is the MOST common cause of community acquired NVE?

A

Strep

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8
Q

What is the MOST common bacteria (not found in normal flora) and common in IV-drug users that causes IE?

A

Staph

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9
Q

25-30% of IE cases are caused by WHAT underlying cause?

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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10
Q

IV drug users have a ___% risk of getting IE within 2yrs of drug use?

A

30

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11
Q

What is wrong in the valve and leaflets in Mitral Valve Stenosis?

A

Valve is Narrowing, hardening, thickening

Leaflets get stiff/rigid

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12
Q

A murmur is a audible sound heard due to _______

A

TURBULENT blood flow

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13
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse is seen as a _____ of blood into the ______during contraction?

A

back flow

(L) atrium

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14
Q

What are the 2 causes of Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

Rheumatic Fever

Strep Pharyngitis

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15
Q

What symptom stands out in Rheumatic Fever (or is a pathognomonic)?

A

Skin Rash

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16
Q

_______lesions obstruct vessels?

A

embolic

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17
Q

What structures FEED the superficial muscle of the heart?

A

coronary arteries

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18
Q

Osler Nodes are seen in?

A

Strep origin IE

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19
Q

Osler Nodes are ________, _______, ________ nodules on the _____ and _____?

A 
small
tender
subcutaneous
fingers
toes
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20
Q

A Staph Aureus IE can present with what on the soles and palms?

A

Janeway Lesions

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21
Q

Describe the size, and color of Janeway Lesions?

A

small
red
Macular (flat)

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22
Q

What causes Roth Spots, Splinter Hemorrhages, and clubbing of fingers?

A

immune complex vascularities

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23
Q

What percent of non-treated IE pts. will die?

A

100

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24
Q

What is the survival rate of someone who IS treated for IE?

A

10-70%

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25
Q

AVG. hospital stay for someone with IE is?

A

4-6 wks

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26
Q

Symptoms of IE usually present?

A

within 2wks

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27
Q

Regular Prophy causes a bacteremia how often?

A

<40%

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28
Q

Do we Pre-Med for use of LA into healthy tissue?

A

NO

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29
Q

You are ______times more likely to cause IE by yourself than by having dental work done?

A

1,000

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30
Q

The adult dose for pre-med with Amoxicillin is?

Kids dose?

A

2g

50 mg/kg body weight

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31
Q

Adult dose of Clindamycin?

Kids dose?

A

600 mg

20 mg/kg body weight

32
Q

What medication has the same dose as Amoxicillin?

A

Cephalexin

33
Q

Rheumatic Fever is a disease found in what age group?

A

under 20

34
Q

Rheumatic Fever is caused by?

A

Beta-hemolytic group A strep

35
Q

The cause of Rheumatic Fever is unknown but believed to be ______ related?

A

immune

36
Q

The term for an abnormal heart murmur?

A

Carditis

37
Q

What VALVE is affected most in Rheumatic Fever?

A

(L) Mitral

38
Q

Rheumatic Fever can cause ________which usually affects the large joints?

A

Polyarthritis

39
Q

A MACULE with diffuse redness, and elevated edges is called a?

A

Erythema Marginatum

40
Q

Chorea is a ____ of involuntary muscles but NOT at _______?

A

twitching

night

41
Q

What percentage of people with Rheumatic Fever have a damaged heart?

A

1-6%

42
Q

What is the most common valve disease associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

Mitral Valve Stenosis

43
Q

Heart murmurs can be of _____ or ______ origin?

A

physiologic

pathologic

44
Q

A Pathologic murmur is due to?

A

underlying condition

IE, prosthetic valve, etc.

45
Q

A Physiologic or _____ murmur deals with?

A

innocent/functional
VVV
(velocity, viscosity, volume)

46
Q

Which murmur needs to Pre-Med? Pathologic or Physiologic?

A

Pathologic (may need to have a consult first)

47
Q

Congenital Heart Disease is a ________ of the Great Arteries?

A

transposition

48
Q

What are the Great Arteries?

A

Aorta

Pulmonary

49
Q

The Aorta USUALLY exits what ventricle?

A

L

50
Q

The Pulmonary Artery exits what ventricle in Congenital Heart Disease?

A

L

51
Q

What is the Tx for CHD and when do pts. usually receive the Tx?

A

shunting

1st few wks of life

52
Q

What is the most common defect of CHD?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

53
Q

What is another name for Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Blue Baby Syndrome

54
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot results in ________hypertrophy?

A

R ventricular

55
Q

Do we Pre-Med for Tetralogy?

A

YES

56
Q

The _______ _________ connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta during fetal development?

A

ductus arteriosus

57
Q

If an adult has Ductus Arteriosus what happens?

A

blood from aorta partially empties back into the pulmonary artery and back into the lungs
Not as much oxygen gets to the body parts

58
Q

Do we Pre-Med for Ductus Arteriosus?

A

Yes- if it wasn’t fixed

Consult- to find out specifics

59
Q

Do we Pre-Med for a Ventricular Septal Defect?

A

NO

60
Q

An Atrial Septal Defect is due to?

A

fetal foramen ovale not closing

61
Q

When do signs of an Atrial Septal Defect present?

A

around 40

62
Q

Do we Pre-Med for Atrial Septal Defects?

A

NO

63
Q

A narrowing of the Aorta is called?

A

Coarctation of Aorta

64
Q

A narrowed aorta causes __________ hypertrophy?

A

L ventricular

65
Q

Do we Pre-Med for a Coarctation of the Aorta?

A

Yes- if not repaired

No- if repaired

66
Q

T/F

The Aortic Valve has 2 leaflets?

A

F- 3

67
Q

What is the most common congenital abnormality?

A

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

68
Q

Approximately ____% of prosthetic valve pts. experience problems within ____yrs?

A

60%

10

69
Q

Do we Pre-Med for prosthetic valves?

A

YES

70
Q

After _______we no longer have to pre-med for coronary artery bypass pts.?

A

6mo

71
Q

When do we Pre-Med for a pt. with a pacemaker?

A

within 1st 6 mo of getting it

after that we need a consult to see

72
Q

What is a disease with general vasculitis developing in early childhood with an unknown cause that has tissue sloughing as a major sign?

A

Kawasaki

73
Q

Tissue sloughing in Kawasaki Disease is due to?

A

vasoconstriction

74
Q

Do we Pre-Med for artificial joints/prosthetic implants?

A

up to dentist

unless at high risk

75
Q

What classifies a prosthetic pt. as high risk?

A

type 1 diabetes
within 1st 2 yrs of getting it
malnourished
hemophililac

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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