Module 3 (part of test 2) Flashcards
Infective endocarditis was FIRST referred to as?
Bacterial Endocarditis
What are 3 causative agents in Infective Endocarditis?
Strep
Staph
Candida
What are the 2 types of VALVES IE affects?
NVE- natural valve endocarditis
PVE- prosthetic valve endocarditis
Nosocomial means?
infection acquired at hospital
80-90% of IE cases come from what 2 sources?
Strep
Staph
What bacteria (found in normal flora of mouth and GI) cause IE?
Streptococci Viridans
Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci
What is the MOST common cause of community acquired NVE?
Strep
What is the MOST common bacteria (not found in normal flora) and common in IV-drug users that causes IE?
Staph
25-30% of IE cases are caused by WHAT underlying cause?
Mitral Valve Prolapse
IV drug users have a ___% risk of getting IE within 2yrs of drug use?
30
What is wrong in the valve and leaflets in Mitral Valve Stenosis?
Valve is Narrowing, hardening, thickening
Leaflets get stiff/rigid
A murmur is a audible sound heard due to _______
TURBULENT blood flow
Mitral Valve Prolapse is seen as a _____ of blood into the ______during contraction?
back flow
(L) atrium
What are the 2 causes of Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Rheumatic Fever
Strep Pharyngitis
What symptom stands out in Rheumatic Fever (or is a pathognomonic)?
Skin Rash
_______lesions obstruct vessels?
embolic
What structures FEED the superficial muscle of the heart?
coronary arteries
Osler Nodes are seen in?
Strep origin IE
Osler Nodes are ________, _______, ________ nodules on the _____ and _____?
small tender subcutaneous fingers toes
A Staph Aureus IE can present with what on the soles and palms?
Janeway Lesions
Describe the size, and color of Janeway Lesions?
small
red
Macular (flat)
What causes Roth Spots, Splinter Hemorrhages, and clubbing of fingers?
immune complex vascularities
What percent of non-treated IE pts. will die?
100
What is the survival rate of someone who IS treated for IE?
10-70%
AVG. hospital stay for someone with IE is?
4-6 wks
Symptoms of IE usually present?
within 2wks
Regular Prophy causes a bacteremia how often?
<40%
Do we Pre-Med for use of LA into healthy tissue?
NO
You are ______times more likely to cause IE by yourself than by having dental work done?
1,000
The adult dose for pre-med with Amoxicillin is?
Kids dose?
2g
50 mg/kg body weight
Adult dose of Clindamycin?
Kids dose?
600 mg
20 mg/kg body weight
What medication has the same dose as Amoxicillin?
Cephalexin
Rheumatic Fever is a disease found in what age group?
under 20
Rheumatic Fever is caused by?
Beta-hemolytic group A strep
The cause of Rheumatic Fever is unknown but believed to be ______ related?
immune
The term for an abnormal heart murmur?
Carditis
What VALVE is affected most in Rheumatic Fever?
(L) Mitral
Rheumatic Fever can cause ________which usually affects the large joints?
Polyarthritis
A MACULE with diffuse redness, and elevated edges is called a?
Erythema Marginatum
Chorea is a ____ of involuntary muscles but NOT at _______?
twitching
night
What percentage of people with Rheumatic Fever have a damaged heart?
1-6%
What is the most common valve disease associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Heart murmurs can be of _____ or ______ origin?
physiologic
pathologic
A Pathologic murmur is due to?
underlying condition
IE, prosthetic valve, etc.
A Physiologic or _____ murmur deals with?
innocent/functional
VVV
(velocity, viscosity, volume)
Which murmur needs to Pre-Med? Pathologic or Physiologic?
Pathologic (may need to have a consult first)
Congenital Heart Disease is a ________ of the Great Arteries?
transposition
What are the Great Arteries?
Aorta
Pulmonary
The Aorta USUALLY exits what ventricle?
L
The Pulmonary Artery exits what ventricle in Congenital Heart Disease?
L
What is the Tx for CHD and when do pts. usually receive the Tx?
shunting
1st few wks of life
What is the most common defect of CHD?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is another name for Tetralogy of Fallot?
Blue Baby Syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot results in ________hypertrophy?
R ventricular
Do we Pre-Med for Tetralogy?
YES
The _______ _________ connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta during fetal development?
ductus arteriosus
If an adult has Ductus Arteriosus what happens?
blood from aorta partially empties back into the pulmonary artery and back into the lungs
Not as much oxygen gets to the body parts
Do we Pre-Med for Ductus Arteriosus?
Yes- if it wasn’t fixed
Consult- to find out specifics
Do we Pre-Med for a Ventricular Septal Defect?
NO
An Atrial Septal Defect is due to?
fetal foramen ovale not closing
When do signs of an Atrial Septal Defect present?
around 40
Do we Pre-Med for Atrial Septal Defects?
NO
A narrowing of the Aorta is called?
Coarctation of Aorta
A narrowed aorta causes __________ hypertrophy?
L ventricular
Do we Pre-Med for a Coarctation of the Aorta?
Yes- if not repaired
No- if repaired
T/F
The Aortic Valve has 2 leaflets?
F- 3
What is the most common congenital abnormality?
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Approximately ____% of prosthetic valve pts. experience problems within ____yrs?
60%
10
Do we Pre-Med for prosthetic valves?
YES
After _______we no longer have to pre-med for coronary artery bypass pts.?
6mo
When do we Pre-Med for a pt. with a pacemaker?
within 1st 6 mo of getting it
after that we need a consult to see
What is a disease with general vasculitis developing in early childhood with an unknown cause that has tissue sloughing as a major sign?
Kawasaki
Tissue sloughing in Kawasaki Disease is due to?
vasoconstriction
Do we Pre-Med for artificial joints/prosthetic implants?
up to dentist
unless at high risk
What classifies a prosthetic pt. as high risk?
type 1 diabetes
within 1st 2 yrs of getting it
malnourished
hemophililac
