Module 7 - Joints

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

Articulation – point of contact b/w:
Bone to bone
Bone to cartilage
Bone to teeth

Question 2

Functional Classifications

Answer 2

Functional Classifications
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 3

Synarthroses

Answer 3

Synarthroses – immovable – sutures of skull

Question 4

Amphiarthroses

Answer 4

Amphiarthroses – partially moveable – intervertebral disc

Question 5

Diarthroses

Answer 5

Diarthroses – freely movable – hip joint – multiaxial joint – movement in all planes: transverse, frontal, and sagittal

Question 6

Structural Classifications

Answer 6

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 7

Fibrous

Answer 7

Fibrous
Lack synovial cavity
Bones held by fibrous connective tissue
Little or no movement
Types:
Sutures
Syndesmoses

Question 8

Sutures

Answer 8

Sutures – thin layer of dense tissue – unites skull bones – synostosis = ossified suture

Question 9

Syndesmoses

Answer 9

Syndesmoses – more tissue than suture – fastened band – two parallel bones united
Interosseous membrane – fills space b/w bones – sheet of dense irregular connective tissue – joins two long bones – radius and ulna

Question 10

Synostosis

Answer 10

Synostosis - ossified suture

Question 11

Cartilaginous

Answer 11

Cartilaginous
Lack synovial cavity
Bones held by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Little or no movement
Types:
Synchondroses
Symphyses – disc of fibrocartilage – intervertebral discs

Question 12

Synchondroses

Answer 12

Synchondroses – hyaline cartilage

Question 13

Symphyses

Answer 13

Symphyses – disc of fibrocartilage – intervertebral discs

Question 14

Synovial

Answer 14

Synovial
Diarthrosis – freely movable
Cavity
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Articular discs/meniscus

Question 15

Articular cartilage

Answer 15

Articular cartilage – covers bones – reduces friction – absorbs shock

Question 16

Articular capsule

Answer 16

Articular capsule – encloses cavity – unites bones – two layers
Fibrous capsule
Inner synovial membrane

Question 17

Fibrous capsule

Answer 17

Fibrous capsule – contains ligaments – permits movement – tensile strength - Outer layer of articular capsule

Question 18

Inner synovial membrane

Answer 18

Inner synovial membrane – secretes synovial fluid – nourishes and lubes - inner articular capsule layer

Question 19

Articular discs/meniscus

Answer 19

Articular discs/meniscus – surface of articulating bones – stability – direct flow of synovial fluid

Question 20

Types of synovial joints

Answer 20

Planar joints
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Ball and socket
Ellipsoidal/condyloid – oval condyle into elliptical cavity

Question 21

Planar joints

Answer 21

Planar joints – side to side – back and forth

Question 22

Hinge

Answer 22

Hinge – convex to concave

Question 23

Pivot

Answer 23

Pivot – round into ring

Question 24

Saddle

Answer 24

Saddle – saddle into rider

Question 25

Ball and socket

Answer 25

Ball and socket – ball into cup

Question 26

Ellipsoidal/condyloid

Answer 26

Ellipsoidal/condyloid – oval condyle into elliptical cavity

Question 27

Movements

Answer 27

Movements
Gliding
Angular
Rotation
Special

Question 28

Gliding

Answer 28

Gliding – flat bone move back and forth or side to side

Question 29

Angular

Answer 29

Angular – increase or decrease in angle
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction

Question 30

Rotation

Answer 30

Rotation – bone revolving on its own axis

Question 31

Special Movement

Answer 31

Special
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion

Question 32

Elevation

Answer 32

Elevation – upward movement

Question 33

Depression

Answer 33

Depression – downward movement

Question 34

Protraction

Answer 34

Protraction – movement anteriorly in transverse plane

Question 35

Retraction

Answer 35

Retraction – movement protracted back to anatomical position

Question 36

Inversion

Answer 36

Inversion – soles facing

Question 37

Eversion

Answer 37

Eversion – soles away

Question 38

Dorsiflexion

Answer 38

Dorsiflexion – toes up

Question 39

Plantar flexion

Answer 39

Plantar flexion – toes down

Question 40

Knee Bones

Answer 40

Bones
Femur to tibia – articulating
Fibula – support
Patella – covering

Question 41

Knee Ligaments

Answer 41

Ligaments – stabilize
Tibial/Medial collateral
Fibular/Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Patellar Ligament

Question 42

Tibial/Medial collateral

Answer 42

Tibial/Medial collateral – outside capsule – medial

Question 43

Fibular/Lateral collateral

Answer 43

Fibular/Lateral collateral – outside capsule – lateral

Question 44

Anterior cruciate

Answer 44

Anterior cruciate – inside capsule – back femur to front tibia – prevents movement too forward

Question 45

Posterior cruciate

Answer 45

Posterior cruciate – inside capsule – back of tibia to from of femur – prevents movement too backward

Question 46

Patellar Ligament

Answer 46

Patellar Ligament – holds patella is place while bones move

Question 47

Menisci

Answer 47

Menisci – pad and support – wedge
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus

Question 48

Medial meniscus

Answer 48

Medial meniscus – medial femur to tibia

Question 49

Lateral meniscus

Answer 49

Lateral meniscus – lateral femur to tibia

Question 50

Knee Bursa

Answer 50

Bursa – fluid-filled sac – prevents friction b/w skin, muscle, or tendon
Suprapatellar
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar

Question 51

Suprapatellar bursa

Answer 51

Suprapatellar bursa – femur

Question 52

Prepatellar bursa

Answer 52

Prepatellar bursa – patella

Question 53

Infrapatellar bursa

Answer 53

Infrapatellar bursa – tibia