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A&P - 1539 > Module 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Module 1 - Intro Flashcards

body organization terms intro to systems intro to processes

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Anatomy – study of structure and relationships to other structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Physiology – study of function

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3
Q

Life Processes

A

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

Metabolism – sum of all chemical processes.
o Catabolism – breaking down
o Anabolism – building

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5
Q

Responsiveness

A

Responsiveness – detect and respond – internal or external

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6
Q

Movement

A

Movement – all motion of and in body

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7
Q

Growth

A

Growth - ++ size and complexity

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8
Q

Differentiation

A

Differentiation – cell changes to specialized state

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9
Q

Reproduction

A

Reproduction – new cells for growth, repair, or replacement OR production of new person

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10
Q

Levels of organization

A

1) Chemical – atoms, molecules – units of matter – part of a reaction
2) Cellular – basic structure and functional units
3) Tissue – a group of specialized cells with a specific function
4) Organs – structure made of 2+ tissues – specific function
5) Organ System – group of organs – common function
6) Organism – systems working together – provide life to independent organism

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

Homeostasis – body’s ability to maintain equilibrium internally, by adjusting internally and external due to stimulus – controlled by endocrine and nervous

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12
Q

Disorder

A

Disorder – abnormal function – issue with homeostasis

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13
Q

Disease

A

Disease – illness with signs and symptoms

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14
Q

Signs

A

Signs – objective changes – fever, rash

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15
Q

Symptom

A

Symptom – subjective changes - headache

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16
Q

Feedback System - parts

A

1) Receptor - Detect stimulus and relay info to central control
2) Control center - process info and creates appropriate response
3) Effector – acts out response

17
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Negative feedback – response reverses – cooling body by sweating

18
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Positive feedback – response enhances stim – child birth

19
Q

Integumentary

A

Integumentary – hair, skin, nails
o Encloses internal structures
o Site of sensory receptors

20
Q

Skeletal

A

Skeletal – cartilage, bones, and joints
o Supports
o Enables movement with muscles

21
Q

Muscular

A

Muscular – skeletal muscles and tendons
o Enables movement
o Helps maintain temp

22
Q

Nervous

A

Nervous – Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
o Detects and processes sensory info
o Activates responses

23
Q

Endocrine

A

Endocrine – pituitary and thyroid glands, pancreas, adrenals, testes, and ovaries
o Secretes hormones
o Regulates body processes

24
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Cardiovascular – Heart and blood vessels
o Delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues
o Equalizes temp
o Takes waste and C02 away from tissues

25
Q

Lymphatic

A

Lymphatic – Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels
o Returns fluid to blood
o Defends against pathogens
o Healing responses

26
Q

Respiratory

A

Respiratory – Lungs, nasal passage, trachea
o Removes C02
o Delivers O2

27
Q

Digestive

A

Digestive – stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, and small intestine
o Breaks down food to molecular sizes so body can use for energy
o Removes waste

28
Q

Urinary

A

Urinary – kidneys and urinary bladder
o Controls water balance
o Removes waste from blood

29
Q

Male Repro

A

Male Repo – epididymis and testes
o Produces sex hormones and gametes
o Delivers to female

30
Q

Female Repo

A

Female Repo – mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
o Produces sex hormones and gametes
o Supports embryo till birth
o Produces milk for infant

31
Q

Planes

A

midsagittal or medial

frontal – separate anterior and posterior

transverse – cross section – horizontal

32
Q

Direction Terms
Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
Ventral
Inferior
Proximal
Distal

A

Dorsal – towards back
Superior – above
Medial – towards middle
Lateral – away from middle
Ventral – towards front
Inferior – below
Proximal – towards top
Distal - towards end

33
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Cranial cavity - brain
Vertebral cavity - spinal cord

34
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

divided by diaphragm
upper thoracic
Abdominopelvic

35
Q

Upper Thoracic

A

Pleural X 2 - encloses lungs
Mediastinum - from sternum to vertebral
Pericardial cavity - surrounds heart

36
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

o Abdominopelvic cavity
 Superior
 Inferior

37
Q

4 Quadrants

A

Divided in 4 quadrants –
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ

38
Q

9 Regions

A

R hypochondriac, Epigastic, L hypo

R Lumbar, umbilical, L Lumbar

R Iliac, hypogastric, L Iliac

A&P - 1539 (9 decks)

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