Module 1 - Intro

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Anatomy – study of structure and relationships to other structures

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Physiology – study of function

Question 3

Life Processes

Answer 3

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

Metabolism – sum of all chemical processes.
o Catabolism – breaking down
o Anabolism – building

Question 5

Responsiveness

Answer 5

Responsiveness – detect and respond – internal or external

Question 6

Movement

Answer 6

Movement – all motion of and in body

Question 7

Growth

Answer 7

Growth - ++ size and complexity

Question 8

Differentiation

Answer 8

Differentiation – cell changes to specialized state

Question 9

Reproduction

Answer 9

Reproduction – new cells for growth, repair, or replacement OR production of new person

Question 10

Levels of organization

Answer 10

1) Chemical – atoms, molecules – units of matter – part of a reaction
2) Cellular – basic structure and functional units
3) Tissue – a group of specialized cells with a specific function
4) Organs – structure made of 2+ tissues – specific function
5) Organ System – group of organs – common function
6) Organism – systems working together – provide life to independent organism

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

Homeostasis – body’s ability to maintain equilibrium internally, by adjusting internally and external due to stimulus – controlled by endocrine and nervous

Question 12

Disorder

Answer 12

Disorder – abnormal function – issue with homeostasis

Question 13

Disease

Answer 13

Disease – illness with signs and symptoms

Question 14

Signs

Answer 14

Signs – objective changes – fever, rash

Question 15

Symptom

Answer 15

Symptom – subjective changes - headache

Question 16

Feedback System - parts

Answer 16

1) Receptor - Detect stimulus and relay info to central control
2) Control center - process info and creates appropriate response
3) Effector – acts out response

Question 17

Negative Feedback

Answer 17

Negative feedback – response reverses – cooling body by sweating

Question 18

Positive Feedback

Answer 18

Positive feedback – response enhances stim – child birth

Question 19

Integumentary

Answer 19

Integumentary – hair, skin, nails
o Encloses internal structures
o Site of sensory receptors

Question 20

Skeletal

Answer 20

Skeletal – cartilage, bones, and joints
o Supports
o Enables movement with muscles

Question 21

Muscular

Answer 21

Muscular – skeletal muscles and tendons
o Enables movement
o Helps maintain temp

Question 22

Nervous

Answer 22

Nervous – Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
o Detects and processes sensory info
o Activates responses

Question 23

Endocrine

Answer 23

Endocrine – pituitary and thyroid glands, pancreas, adrenals, testes, and ovaries
o Secretes hormones
o Regulates body processes

Question 24

Cardiovascular

Answer 24

Cardiovascular – Heart and blood vessels
o Delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues
o Equalizes temp
o Takes waste and C02 away from tissues

Question 25

Lymphatic

Answer 25

Lymphatic – Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels
o Returns fluid to blood
o Defends against pathogens
o Healing responses

Question 26

Respiratory

Answer 26

Respiratory – Lungs, nasal passage, trachea
o Removes C02
o Delivers O2

Question 27

Digestive

Answer 27

Digestive – stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, and small intestine
o Breaks down food to molecular sizes so body can use for energy
o Removes waste

Question 28

Urinary

Answer 28

Urinary – kidneys and urinary bladder
o Controls water balance
o Removes waste from blood

Question 29

Male Repro

Answer 29

Male Repo – epididymis and testes
o Produces sex hormones and gametes
o Delivers to female

Question 30

Female Repo

Answer 30

Female Repo – mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
o Produces sex hormones and gametes
o Supports embryo till birth
o Produces milk for infant

Question 31

Planes

Answer 31

midsagittal or medial

frontal – separate anterior and posterior

transverse – cross section – horizontal

Question 32

Direction Terms
Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
Ventral
Inferior
Proximal
Distal

Answer 32

Dorsal – towards back
Superior – above
Medial – towards middle
Lateral – away from middle
Ventral – towards front
Inferior – below
Proximal – towards top
Distal - towards end

Question 33

Dorsal Cavity

Answer 33

Cranial cavity - brain
Vertebral cavity - spinal cord

Question 34

Ventral Cavity

Answer 34

divided by diaphragm
upper thoracic
Abdominopelvic

Question 35

Upper Thoracic

Answer 35

Pleural X 2 - encloses lungs
Mediastinum - from sternum to vertebral
Pericardial cavity - surrounds heart

Question 36

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 36

o Abdominopelvic cavity
 Superior
 Inferior

Question 37

4 Quadrants

Answer 37

Divided in 4 quadrants –
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ

Question 38

9 Regions

Answer 38

R hypochondriac, Epigastic, L hypo

R Lumbar, umbilical, L Lumbar

R Iliac, hypogastric, L Iliac