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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 7 HW Questions > Flashcards

Module 7 HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure contains T tubules?

A

sarcolemma

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2
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure stores intracellular calcium ions?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure is segmented by sarcomeres?

A

myofibrils

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4
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber?

A

sarcomeres

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5
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure has both actin and myosin?

A

myofilaments

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6
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure is a thick myofilament with heads?

A

myosin

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7
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure is a thin myofilament with myosin binding sites?

A

actin

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8
Q

What skeletal muscle fiber structure attaches actin to the sarcolemma?

A

dystrophin

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9
Q

What category of muscle contraction does not change the length of the muscle?

A

isometric

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10
Q

Which type of muscle contraction causes the muscle to lengthen?

A

eccentric

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11
Q

Which category of muscle contraction causes the muscle to change length?

A

isotonic

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12
Q

What type of muscle contraction causes the muscle to shorten?

A

concentric

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13
Q

Which protein covers myosin binding site in the relaxed state of a muscle cell?

A

tropomyosin

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14
Q

Which protein hold tropomyosin in place during the resting state of a muscle cell?

A

troponin

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15
Q

How many APs does a motor neuron have to send to cause a muscle cell to contract?

A

1

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16
Q

Do all local motor endplate depolarization at a NMJ generate an AP in the muscle cell?

A

yes

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17
Q

How does the sarcolemma propagate an AP?

A

-opens voltage gated Na channels
-peak
-closes voltage gated Na channels and opens voltage gated K+ channels

18
Q

Which ion depolarizes the motor end plate of a NMJ?

A

sodium

19
Q

What event causes voltage gated calcium channels to open on the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

AP moving down the T tubules

20
Q

What causes an increase in intracellular calcium in skeletal muscle?

A

opening of voltage gated calcium channels in the SR

21
Q

What does calcium bind to in order to expose myosin binding sites?

A

troponin

22
Q

What event begins the contraction of a muscle fiber?

A

cross bridge formation

23
Q

What causes the myosin head to detach from the actin myofilament?

A

ATP binds to myosin

24
Q

What is the role of ATP in the cross bridge formation?

A

energizes the myosin head

25
Q

What does calcium bind to inside the SR?

A

calsequestrin

26
Q

What specific type of receptors in the T tubules must open to release the calcium from the SR?

A

ryanodine

27
Q

How long can a muscle cell contraction continue?

A

for as long as intracellular calcium ions remain high and sufficient ATP available

28
Q

What must happen for a muscle cell to relax?

A

calcium must be pumped out of the cytoplasm and back into the SR

29
Q

What is the sliding filament theory?

A

the action of actin and myosin sliding across each other

30
Q

What structure shortens in a muscle cell contraction?

A

sarcomere

31
Q

Which antagonistic function do curare poisions and drugs have at the NMJ?

A

blocks ACh receptors on the motor endplate

32
Q

What antagonistic effect does botulism toxins have on a motor neuron at the NMJ?

A

decreases or prevents ACh release

33
Q

How does hypocalcemia affect somatic motor neurons?

A

can spontaneously generate APs

34
Q

How does hypocalcemia affect skeletal muscle?

A

causes fasciculations and or muscle twitches

35
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

36
Q

What is muscle cell recruitment?

A

more and more muscle fibers to contract to increase the strength of the whole muscle

37
Q

What is summation of muscle contraction?

A

adding together individual twitch contractions

38
Q

What is a tetanic contraction?

A

successive frequent contractions that causes a smooth continuous contraction

39
Q

How does the body maintain muscle tone while a whole muscle is at rest?

A

intermittent and alternating stimulation of different motor units

40
Q

How does regular stretching affect the number of sarcomeres within a muscle fiber?

A

increases their number

Neuro Muscle Physiology (24 decks)

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