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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 4 HW Questions > Flashcards

Module 4 HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which pain can be precisely located?

A

fast pain

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2
Q

Which pain detects tissue destruction?

A

slow pain

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3
Q

Which pain is associated with prolonged suffering?

A

slow pain

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4
Q

Which pain is mostly cutaneous pain?

A

fast pain

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5
Q

Which pain begins 1 sec after stimulus?

A

slow pain

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6
Q

Which pain is sharp, stabbing, electric?

A

fast pain

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7
Q

Which pain is felt in deeper tissues?

A

slow pain

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8
Q

Which pain is where most 3rd order neurons terminate the reticular formation?

A

slow pain

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9
Q

Which pain can travel in type A delta fibers?

A

fast pain

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10
Q

Which pain secretes substance P?

A

slow pain

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11
Q

Which pain secretes glutamate?

A

both fast and slow pain

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12
Q

Which pain travels in the paleospinothalamic pathway?

A

slow pain

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13
Q

Which pain is where 1st order neurons synapse in the dorsal horn?

A

both fast and slow pain

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14
Q

Which pain synapses with 2nd order neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus?

A

fast pain

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15
Q

The ________ has more free nerve endings than deep tissue organs

A

skin

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16
Q

Bradykinin, potassium, proteolytic enzymes, and chemicals ___________ excite nociceptors

A

directly

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17
Q

Which hormone plays a role in increasing the sensitivity of nociceptors?

A

prostaglandins

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18
Q

Which chemicals are responsible for long suffering pain?

A

prostaglandins and substance P

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19
Q

Which chemical is most responsible for causing pain after tissue damage?

A

bradykinin

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20
Q

Intensity of pain felt is proportional to the local increase of _____________ in interstitial fluid

A

potassium

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21
Q

A person can pinpoint fast pain because fibers traveling in the neospinothalamic tract synapse at the same ___________ nucleus as the fasciculus gracilis of the dorsal medial lemniscus

A

VPL

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22
Q

What is the primary reason for tissue damage caused by tissue ischemia?

A

blocked blood flow

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23
Q

What chemical is responsible for pain caused by tissue ischemia?

A

lactic acid

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24
Q

What type of abnormal muscle condition excites both mechanosensitive nociceptors and chemical sensitive nociceptors?

A

muscle spasm

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25
Q

Where do most pain fibers traveling in the paleospinothalamic tract specifically terminate?

A

reticular nuclei

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26
Q

Which type of pain affects sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure?

A

slow pain

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27
Q

Which part of the CNS primarily perceives conscious pain?

A

brainstem

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28
Q

Which neuromodulator prolongs the opening of NMDA receptors?

A

substance P

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29
Q

What role does substance P play in long term potentiation of a pain pathway synapse?

A

facilitates/increases intracellular calcium

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30
Q

What abnormal pain sensation does long term potentiation cause?

A

hyperalgesia

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31
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus is excited by pain signals?

A

paraventricular

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32
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released by neurons from the raphe nuclei?

A

serotonin

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33
Q

What is the role of serotonin in the analgesic system of the spinal cord?

A

excite enkephalin secreting neurons

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34
Q

Where are enkephalin neurons located?

A

dorsal horn at each cord level

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35
Q

What is the function of enkephalin?

A

inhibit 1st and 2nd order pain signals

36
Q

Pain originates below the tentorium

A

posterior aspect of head

37
Q

Pain originates from the intracranial vasculature

A

can encompass the entire skull

38
Q

Pain originates from nasal sinuses

A

behind the eyes or forehead

39
Q

Pain originates above the tentorium

A

front half of head

40
Q

Which referred pain is true referred pain?

A

true visceral pain

41
Q

Which referred pain travels in type A delta fibers?

A

parietal pain

42
Q

Which referred pain is slow pain?

A

true visceral pain

43
Q

Which referred pain is difficult to localize?

A

true visceral pain

44
Q

Which referred pain is transmitted by ANS neurons?

A

true visceral pain

45
Q

Which referred pain can transmit strong pain sensation that is caused by ischemia, chemicals, tissue damage, smooth muscle damage, and connective tissue damage?

A

true visceral pain

46
Q

Which referred pain is transmitted by local spinal nerves?

A

parietal pain

47
Q

Which referred pain rarely elicits severe pain?

A

true visceral pain

48
Q

Which referred pain has 1st order neurons synapse at the same location as the 2nd order neurons transmitting skin sensation?

A

true visceral pain

49
Q

Which referred pain is located directly over the serous membrane sending the signal?

A

parietal pain

50
Q

Which referred pain travels in the paleospinothalamic tract?

A

true visceral pain

51
Q

Which type of headache is caused by low CSF levels?

A

meningeal

52
Q

Meningitis can cause a ___________ type headache

A

meningeal

53
Q

Which type of headache is caused by abnormal intermittent episodes of vasospasm and vasodilation of cerebral arteries?

A

migraine

54
Q

What causes Tic Douloureux?

A

inflammation of trigeminal nerve

55
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for free nerve ending nociceptors?

A

pain

56
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for pacinian corpuscle?

A

vibration

57
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for meissner’s corpuscle?

A

light touch

58
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for ruffini corpuscle?

A

deep pressure

59
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for golgi tendons?

A

muscle tension

60
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for muscle spindles?

A

muscle stretch

61
Q

What is the primary general stimulus for merkel discs?

A

light touch

62
Q

What type of channel is opened when a stimulus activates a sensory receptor?

A

sodium

63
Q

What is a receptor potential?

A

depolarization of the main receptor neuron fiber

64
Q

How will a strong stimulus effect a receptor potential?

A

move it above threshold

65
Q

What causes receptor adaptation?

A

length of time of stimulus

66
Q

How many neurons are involved in a basic sensory pathway?

A

3

67
Q

Which sensory order neuron is a peripheral neuron?

A

1st order

68
Q

Arrange the correct order of a receptor generating an AP

A

1) stimulus
2) sodium channels open
3) sodium influx
4) receptor potential depolarization
5) threshold
6) AP

69
Q

Which tract transmits pain?

A

spinothalamic

70
Q

Which tract transmits tickles?

A

spinothalamic

71
Q

Which tract transmits joint proprioception?

A

fasciculus cuneatus

72
Q

Which tract receives signals from muscle spindles?

A

spinocerebellar

73
Q

Which tract transmits discriminative touch?

A

fasciculus gracilis

74
Q

Which tract transmits temp?

A

spinothalamic

75
Q

Which tract transmits itch?

A

spinothalamic

76
Q

Which tract transmits vibration?

A

fasciculus gracilis

77
Q

Which tract receives signals from golgi tendon organs?

A

spinocerebellar

78
Q

Which tract transmits tactile info?

A

spinocerebellar

79
Q

Which tract transmits body proprioception?

A

spinocerebellar

80
Q

Which type of thermal sensation travels the fastest?

A

cold

81
Q

Gradually increasing temp burn skin before a person perceives the sensation because warmth signals travel in ______________ fibers

A

unmyelinated Type C

82
Q

What is a non-painful stimuli that evokes pain sensation?

A

allodynia

83
Q

What is a state in which painful stimuli is still perceived but no longer painful?

A

analgesia

84
Q

What is an unpleasant stimulus associated with impending or actual tissue damage?

A

pain

85
Q

What is abnormally extreme sensitivity to pain stimuli?

A

hyperalgesia

86
Q

What is the detection of pain sensation?

A

nociception

87
Q

What is persistent severe burning sensation following partial injury of a peripheral nerve?

A

causalgia

Neuro Muscle Physiology (15 decks)

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