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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 5 HW Questions > Flashcards

Module 5 HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The ciliary ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

parasympathetic

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2
Q

The otic ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

parasympathetic

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3
Q

The celiac ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

sympathetic

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4
Q

The superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

sympathetic

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5
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

parasympathetic

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6
Q

The aortico-renal ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

sympathetic

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7
Q

The submandibular ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

Sympathetic tone maintains normal arteriole _____________

A

constriction

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9
Q

What mechanism maintains the smooth muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

parasympathetic tone

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10
Q

Which CNS structure controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

Which nerve carries 75% of parasympathetic fibers?

A

vagus

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12
Q

These cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers.

A

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

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13
Q

extrafusal fibers are innervated by _______ motor neurons and intrafusal fibers are innervated by _________ motor neurons

A

alpha, gamma

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14
Q

The intrafusal fibers located in the center of a muscle spindle ________ contract, whereas the intrafusal fibers located at each end of a muscle spindle _______ contract

A

do not, do

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15
Q

The primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex devotes the largest share of neurons to the ________ and _________

A

face, hands

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16
Q

Where are intrafusal muscle fibers located?

A

muscle spindles

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17
Q

Where are muscle spindles located?

A

muscle belly

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18
Q

What is the sensory function of a muscle spindle?

A

detect change in muscle fiber length

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19
Q

Which type of intrafusal fiber has a cluster of nuclei in the center?

A

nuclear bag

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20
Q

Which type of intrafusal fiber has nuclei located throughout the length of the fiber?

A

nuclear chain

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21
Q

Which type of intrafusal fibers are excited by both dynamic and static stretch?

A

nuclear bag

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22
Q

What type of reflex involves sensory input and a motor response from and to the same muscle?

A

monosynaptic

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23
Q

What triggers a monosynaptic muscle reflex?

A

sudden stretch of muscle spindle

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24
Q

What is the primary function of dynamic stretch reflex?

A

opposes sudden changes in muscle length

25
Q

When does the static stretch reflex begin?

A

immediately after a dynamic stretch

26
Q

What is the purpose of a static stretch reflex?

A

maintain a degree of muscle contraction for a prolonged period

27
Q

What type of sensory info do golgi tendon organs detect?

A

tension

28
Q

What is the primary function of golgi tendon organs?

A

prevent tearing

29
Q

The intrafusal fibers located in the center of a muscle spindle act as a ______________ receptor

A

sensory

30
Q

Which motor tract sends signals to flexor muscles of the upper limbs?

A

rubrospinal

31
Q

Which motor tract controls head movements that respond to a visual stimuli?

A

tectospinal

32
Q

What is the general function of the basal ganglia?

A

control complex patterns of motor activity

33
Q

Which portion of the cerebellum functions to coordinate movements of the hands and fingers?

A

spinocerebellum

34
Q

Which portion of the cerebellum functions to control most of the body’s equilibrium movements?

A

vestibulocerebellum

35
Q

Which portion of the cerebellum functions to plan sequential voluntary body and limb movements?

A

cerebrocerebellum

36
Q

Which CNS structure controls the ANS and endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

The vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts maintain balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone by _____________ and _____________ antigravity muscles

A

excitatory, inhibitory

38
Q

In the dark, sodium ion channels are _______ causing ____________________ of the rod membrane

A

open, depolarization

39
Q

In the presence of light, sodium ion channels __________ causing ___________________ of the rod membrane

A

close, hyperpolarization

40
Q

Potassium channels on the rod receptor membrane are _________________

A

always open

41
Q

In the absence of the ossicular system and tympanic membrane, sound waves can travel through _______

A

air

42
Q

Arrange the taste pathway in the correct order beginning with the taste buds

A

1) chemicals bind to microvilli
2) facial and glossopharyngeal nerve generate APs
3) 1st order sensory neurons synapse in the medulla oblongata
4) tractus solitarius transmits signals to the thalamus
5) 3rd order neurons terminate in the insula

43
Q

What causes the lens to grow thick and become less elastic?

A

denatured proteins

44
Q

What causes the opaque areas in cataracts?

A

coagulation of denatured proteins

45
Q

How do denatured proteins in a lens affect accommodation?

A

lenses lose the ability to change shape

46
Q

What happens to rhodopsin when exposed to light?

A

decomposes to scotopsin

47
Q

What isomer does vit A form?

A

11-cisretinal

48
Q

How is rhodopsin reformed?

A

scotopsin + 11-cisretinal

49
Q

What happens if there is an excess of 11-cisretinal in the retina?

A

it converts back to vit A

50
Q

How does decomposed rhodopsin effect the sodium channels on the rod photoreceptor?

A

causes them to close

51
Q

How does decomposition of rhodopsin effect the polarity of the rod photoreceptor?

A

causes hyperpolarization

52
Q

Where is the fovea located?

A

center of the macula

53
Q

Which area of the retina is responsible for the highest degree of visual acuity?

A

the fovea

54
Q

Which type of receptor composes most of the fovea?

A

cones

55
Q

What type of stimulus causes a change in the electrical potential of a taste bud receptor?

A

chemical

56
Q

What type of receptor are olfactory receptors?

A

7 member G protein coupled receptor

57
Q

How soon after stimulation can an olfactory receptor adapt to the odorant stimulus?

A

about 1 sec

58
Q

Through which structure do sound vibrations enter the scala vestibuli?

A

oval window

59
Q

Which 2nd messenger system does olfactory receptor initiate?

A

cAMP

Neuro Muscle Physiology (15 decks)

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