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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 6 HW Questions > Flashcards

Module 6 HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Not a typical brain wave

A

gamma

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2
Q

Which brain wave is active during quiet wakefulness?

A

alpha

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3
Q

Which brain wave is active when the brain is busy completing a mental task, concentrating or thinking?

A

beta

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4
Q

Which brain wave is active during slow wave deep sleep?

A

delta

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5
Q

Which brain wave is active during the 1st stage of sleep as “sleep spindles”?

A

alpha

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6
Q

Which brain wave is active during REM sleep?

A

beta

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7
Q

Which brain wave is active in adults during emotional stress or degenerative brain states?

A

theta

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8
Q

Which brain wave is active during intense heightened awareness?

A

gamma

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9
Q

Which brain wave is active during stages 2/3 of sleep?

A

theta

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10
Q

Which brain wave is active while the person is conscious but eyes are closed?

A

alpha

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11
Q

Which brain wave is involved with memory?

A

beta

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12
Q

Which brain wave is active during stage 4 of sleep?

A

delta

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13
Q

What are the 2 distinct alternating stages of sleep?

A

slow wave and REM

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14
Q

What type of sleep accounts for the most time sleeping?

A

slow wave sleep

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15
Q

What causes sleep spindles during stage 1 of sleep?

A

spontaneous feedback from the thalamocortical and reticular activating systems

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16
Q

How often does a person typically cycle into REM sleep?

A

about every 90 min

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17
Q

How long does a person typically stay in REM sleep?

A

5-30 min

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18
Q

How does sleep effect learning?

A

facilitates it

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19
Q

What is the role of the raphe nuclei in sleep?

A

responsible for the natural circadian rhythm

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20
Q

How does chronic pain effect sleep?

A

inhibits it

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21
Q

What is the function of melatonin?

A

drowsiness

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22
Q

What type of stimulus can inhibit the synthesis of melatonin?

A

light

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23
Q

What is the disruption of the normal balance between inhibitory and excitatory transmission in one or more areas of the brain?

A

epilepsy

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24
Q

What class of seizures begin in one hemisphere and can spread to the other hemisphere?

A

partial/focal

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25
Q

What class of seizures begin in both hemispheres simultaneously?

A

general

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26
Q

What are the 2 stages of grand mal seizures?

A

tonic and clonic

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27
Q

What type of seizure effects mostly children where the child stops what they are doing and stare into space?

A

petit mal or absent

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28
Q

What type of seizure manifest with visual, auditory, and or olfactory hallucinations?

A

complex/ psychomotor

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29
Q

What type of seizure is preceded with a visual aura?

A

simple/Jacksonian

30
Q

How many stages of sleep are there?

A

4

31
Q

During sleep stages 2/3, the frequency of brain waves becomes progressively ________

A

slower

32
Q

What percentage of total sleep time does a person typically spend in REM sleep?

A

25%

33
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by raphe nuclei neurons?

A

serotonin

34
Q

Which gland converts serotonin into melatonin?

A

pineal

35
Q

What is the main classification for a grand mal seizure?

A

general

36
Q

What is the main classification for a simple seizure?

A

partial/focal

37
Q

What is the main classification for a psychomotor seizure?

A

partial/focal

38
Q

What is the main classification for a temporal seizure?

A

partial/focal

39
Q

What is the main classification for a petit mal seizure?

A

general

40
Q

What is the main classification for a Jacksonian seizure?

A

partial/focal

41
Q

What is the main classification for an absent seizure?

A

general

42
Q

What is the main classification for a complex seizure?

A

partial/focal

43
Q

What is the main classification for a tonic-clonic seizure?

A

general

44
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

convert short term memory into long term memory

45
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

role in search and read out stored memories

46
Q

What is the function of the motor cortex?

A

activate motor signals

47
Q

What is the function of the hindbrain?

A

maintain body equilibrium

48
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

plan purposeful motor tasks

49
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

control most visceral functions

50
Q

Which lobe houses the primary motor cortex?

A

frontal lobe

51
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area?

A

word formation

52
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

along with the occipital lobe names objects and recognizes faces

53
Q

Which lobe houses the primary visual cortex?

A

occipital lobe

54
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s area?

A

language comprehension

55
Q

What is the function of the angular gyrus?

A

reading comprehension

56
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal association area?

A

working memories and elaboration of thought

57
Q

What is the function of the limbic association area?

A

behavior, emotion, and motivation functions

58
Q

Arrange the correct order neurological sequence for speaking a word in response to words heard:

A

1) temporal lobe
2) Wernicke’s area
3) Broca’s area
4) motor cortex
5) muscles of speech

59
Q

Arrange the correct order neurological sequence of speaking a word in response to words read:

A

1) occipital lobe
2) angular gyrus
3) Wernicke’s area
4) Broca’s area
5) motor cortex
6) muscles of speech

60
Q

Memories are stored in the brain by increasing the sensitivity of ________________________ between neurons

A

synaptic transmission

61
Q

What are new or facilitated neural pathways called?

A

memory traces

62
Q

How are memory traces established?

A

repetitive stimulation of a synaptic pathway

63
Q

How are established memory traces selectively activated?

A

thinking

64
Q

What types of memory can the hippocampus convert from short term memory to long term memory storage?

A

verbal learning and symbolic learning

65
Q

Damage to the hippocampus can cause ___________ amnesia

A

anterograde

66
Q

Repetitive use of a neuronal pathway leads to ___________ which increases intracellular calcium. Repetitive increases in intracellular calcium leads to long-term facilitation which stimulates protein synthesis leading to _____________

A

facilitation, neuroplasticity

67
Q

The time it takes for neurons to communicate at a synapse in a neuronal pathway is known as synaptic ________

A

delay

68
Q

Response latency is the time span between a _________ and a __________ or ___________

A

stimulus, response, reaction

69
Q

Learning _________ response latency

A

reduces

70
Q

What is the primary ion involved with learning?

A

calcium

Neuro Muscle Physiology (15 decks)

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