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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 1 HW questions > Flashcards

Module 1 HW questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which CNS glia cell activates the immune system?

A

astrocytes

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2
Q

Which part of the BBB do astrocytes maintain and support?

A

tight junctions

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3
Q

What role do astrocytes play with released neurotransmitters?

A

recapture and recycle

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4
Q

What substance secreted by astrocytes stimulates neuron tissue maintenance and repair?

A

nerve growth factor

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5
Q

Which CNS glia cell is involved in removing debris?

A

microglia

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6
Q

Which PNS glia cell secretes nerve growth factor and remove damaged debris?

A

Schwann cell

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7
Q

What type of substance holds the layers of Schwann cells together?

A

myelin protein zero

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8
Q

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

A

soma

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9
Q

Most neuronal synapses occur at the dendritic ______ of a receiving neuron

A

spine

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10
Q

Which part of the soma gives rise to the axon process?

A

axon hillock

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11
Q

What are neuron fibers that branch off of an axon with all the same properties and characteristics of the primary axon?

A

axon collaterals

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12
Q

What are the unmyelinated segments between Schwann cells on an axon where collaterals can branch?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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13
Q

What are the slender unmyelinated distal end of an axon that form the synaptic bulbs?

A

telodendria

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14
Q

Which part of a neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

A

axon terminal

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15
Q

Which vesicle protein helps vesicles merge with the presynaptic membrane?

A

vSNAREs

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16
Q

What are isolated cytoplasmic stacks of RER inside a neuron soma?

A

Nissl bodies

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17
Q

Where are tSNAREs located?

A

presynaptic membrane

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18
Q

Which structure provides cytoskeletal transport pathways in a neuron?

A

neurotubules

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19
Q

Solutes/molecules tend to move passively across a cell membrane from _________ concentration to ________ concentration

A

high, low

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20
Q

Which type of receptor loops in and out of the membrane seven times and does not function to transport substances across the cell membrane directly?

A

G protein coupled receptor

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21
Q

What type of structure is required to allow ions to cross a cell plasma membrane?

A

channel proteins

22
Q

Which type of transmembrane channel proteins are always open?

A

leaky

23
Q

What type of transmembrane protein channel is activated by changes in the membranes voltage?

A

voltage gated channels

24
Q

Which type or category of membrane transport system does not require ATP energy?

A

passive

25
Q

Which membrane transport system uses energy to pump solutes across the membrane against their concentration gradient?

A

active transport

26
Q

Which type of membrane transport releases neurotransmitters?

A

exocytosis

27
Q

What is the most well known example of active membrane transport in the body?

A

sodium potassium pump

28
Q

The sodium potassium pump pumps ______ sodium ions out of the cell and ______ potassium ions into the cell each cycle

A

3, 2

29
Q

Which motor protein transports new organelles away from the soma?

A

kinesin

30
Q

What type of axon degeneration progresses in an anterograde direction?

A

wallerian

31
Q

The distal portion of a CNS transected axon will typically die after _____________

A

a few days

32
Q

Transected peripheral axons can typically repair themselves due to differentiation of ___________ cells

A

Schwann

33
Q

What is the primary process that promotes regeneration of a peripheral transected axon?

A

aligning the stumps

34
Q

Schwann cells differentiate to form _________ that allow transected axon stumps to find each other and reconnect?

A

rows

35
Q

What do Schwann cells secrete that helps transected peripheral axon regenerate?

A

nerve growth factor

36
Q

Which transport mechanism carries stuff away from the soma?

A

anterograde

37
Q

Which transport mechanism carries stuff toward the soma?

A

retrograde

38
Q

Which motor protein transports viruses toward the soma?

A

dynein

39
Q

What will happen to a body cell in hypertonic conditions?

A

Shrink

40
Q

What condition describes extracellular fluid when the concentration of solutes is less than the concentration of intracellular cytosol?

A

Hypotonic

41
Q

Which direction will hypotonic extracellular fluid move?

A

Into the cell

42
Q

What will happen to a body cell in hypotonic conditions?

A

Swell

43
Q

What is the purpose of neurotubules in an axon?

A

Transport

44
Q

What type of protein is essential for holding microtubules together?

A

Tau protein

45
Q

What type of membrane transport involves water moving through a selectively permeable membrane toward a higher concentration of solutes?

A

osmosis

46
Q

What term describes equal distribution of solutes in all 3 fluid compartments in the body?

A

isotonic conditions

47
Q

What condition describes extracellular fluid when the concentration of solutes is greater than the concentration of intracellular cytosol?

A

hypertonic

48
Q

Which direction will intracellular fluid flow if extracellular fluid is hypertonic?

A

out of the cell

49
Q

What will happen to a body cell in hypertonic conditions?

A

shrink

50
Q

Which type of transmembrane channel proteins are always open?

A

leaky

Neuro Muscle Physiology (25 decks)

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