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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 4-6 TBL Questions > Flashcards

Module 4-6 TBL Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of pain elicits sharp, stabbing sensations?

A

fast pain

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2
Q

Which type of nociception is initially stimulated by a muscle spasm?

A

mechanical

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3
Q

Which pathway carries mechanical, thermal, and chemical signals?

A

paleospinothalamic tract

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4
Q

Why can pain interrupt sleep?

A

because some pain fibers synapse in the reticular formation

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5
Q

What type of pain travels in type A delta fibers?

A

fast pain

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6
Q

Which type of pain pathway is activated when visceral tissue damage spreads to surrounding serous membranes?

A

parietal pain

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7
Q

The posterior half of the head receives referred pain stimuli from _____________________

A

above the tentorium

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8
Q

How does substance P effect pain signal transmission?

A

increase sensitivity

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9
Q

Which tract transmits pain signals to the thalamus?

A

spinothalamic

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10
Q

What is the definition of causalgia?

A

persistent burning sensation post peripheral nerve injury

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11
Q

Which substance is primarily responsible for the intensity of pain due to acute tissue damage?

A

potassium

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted by fast and slow pain fibers?

A

glutamate

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13
Q

Which pathway transmits slow pain signals?

A

paleospinothalamic pathway

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14
Q

Which pathway secretes substance P?

A

paleospinothalamic pathway

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15
Q

Which pathway transmits fast pain signals?

A

neospinothalamic pathway

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16
Q

Which pathway is able to pinpoint source of pain?

A

neospinothalamic pathway

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17
Q

Which pathway is made up of unmyelinated C fibers?

A

paleospinothalamic pathway

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18
Q

Which pathway sends signals to the cortex?

A

neospinothalamic pathway

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19
Q

Which neurotransmitter stimulates enkephalin neurons in the cord to suppress incoming pain signals?

A

serotonin

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20
Q

Which type of pain signal synapses in the dorsal horn at the same location as sensory neurons transmitting signals from skin?

A

visceral pain

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21
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is more sensitive to vibration?

A

pacinian corpuscle

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22
Q

Which ion moves receptor potential above threshold?

A

sodium

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23
Q

Damage to this tract can affect a person’s sense of touch in their hands

A

fasciculus cuneatus

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24
Q

Why are humans more sensitive to gradations in cold temp than in warm temp?

A

cold signals transmit signals faster than warm receptors

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25
Q

Very intense receptor stimulation causes a progressive ____________ in the number of additional APs

A

decrease

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26
Q

Which substance is synthesized from vit A in the retina?

A

rhodopsin

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27
Q

What happens to rod photoreceptors in the presence of light?

A

sodium channels close

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28
Q

Which type of receptor can detect stretching?

A

mechanoreceptor

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29
Q

Which ganglion is associated with the sympathetic NS?
A) ciliary
B) mesenteric
C) submandibular
D) otic

A

B) mesenteric

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30
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers?

A

III, VII, IX, and X

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31
Q

Which ion flows into the stereocilia of hair cells to initiate depolarization?

A

potassium

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32
Q

How does sympathetic tone effect smooth muscle?

A

causes slight vasoconstriction of blood vessels

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33
Q

What is formed by intrafusal fibers?

A

muscle spindles

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34
Q

What is located at insertion points of whole muscles?

A

golgi tendon organs

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35
Q

What contains nuclear bag fibers that respond to stretching?

A

muscle spindles

36
Q

What is innervated by sensory neurons that detect muscle tenison?

A

golgi tendon organs

37
Q

Are muscle spindles or golgi tendon organs innervated by gamma motor neurons?

A

muscle spindles

38
Q

What is located in a muscle belly?

A

muscle spindles

39
Q

What is stimulated reflexive relaxation of muscles?

A

golgi tendon organs

40
Q

A nuclear chain muscle fiber only responds to __________

A

slow stretch

41
Q

Which type of reflex of a rapid response to a sensory stimulus from a limb?

A

flexor/withdrawal reflex

42
Q

What causes hyperpolarization?

A

decomposition of rhodopsin

43
Q

Which structure has the highest degree of visual acuity?

A

fovea

44
Q

1st order neurons carry taste sensations to the _____________________

A

gustatory area in the medulla oblongata

45
Q

What method of activation will depolarize an olfactory receptor?

A

2nd messenger system open sodium channels

46
Q

Through what structure does sound vibrations enter the scala vestibuli?

A

oval window

47
Q

Cones are responsible for __________ vision

A

color

48
Q

What is the function of the saccule within the vestibular apparatus?

A

signals head orientation when a person is lying down

49
Q

What causes the eye lens to become thick and lose elasticity?

A

denatured proteins

50
Q

Which motor tract involves movement of the head in response to stimuli?

A

tectospinal

51
Q

Which part of the cerebellum controls coordinating movements of the hands and fingers?

A

spinocerebellum

52
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

a motor neuron and the number of muscle fibers that neuron synapses with

53
Q

The ionic conc. of endolymph is high in _____________ and low in ________________

A

potassium, sodium

54
Q

Which brain wave is active when you are thinking?

A

beta

55
Q

Which brain wave appears when you first close your eyes to go to sleep?

A

alpha

56
Q

Which brain wave is active during REM sleep?

A

beta

57
Q

Where are serotonin neuron cell bodies located that have a role in the natural sleep cycle?

A

raphe nuclei

58
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for comprehending language?

A

Wernicke’s area

59
Q

What is the primary function of Broca’s area?

A

form words

60
Q

What is a function of the hippocampus?

A

converts short term memory to long term memory

61
Q

What is the function of the angular gyrus?

A

interpret the written word

62
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

parietal lobe

63
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

frontal lobe

64
Q

Which is the primary auditory and olfactory cortex located?

A

temporal lobe

65
Q

Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?

A

insula lobe

66
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

occipital lobe

67
Q

Which CNS structure controls the ANS and endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus

68
Q

Which area of the brain regulates appropriate social responses?

A

prefrontal association area

69
Q

Which area of the brain analyzes the spatial coordinates of the body?

A

parieto-occipitotemporal association area

70
Q

Which brain wave is necessary to achieve for deep sleep?

A

delta

71
Q

Which type of seizure begins in both brain hemispheres simultaneously?

A

petit mal

72
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep occurs on cycle of approximately every _______ min

A

90

73
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

frontal lobe

74
Q

The underside of both the occipital and temporal lobes function to allow the brain to recognize ______________

A

names and faces

75
Q

The pineal gland converts __________ into melatonin

A

serotonin

76
Q

What are sleep spindles?

A

alpha waves that intermittently break up light sleep waves

77
Q

Which ion is responsible for decreasing synaptic delay?

A

calcium

78
Q

What happens when the time span between a stimulus and a response in a synaptic pathway is reduced?

A

learning

79
Q

Which seizure is preceded by hallucinations?

A

complex/psychomotor

80
Q

Which seizure is preceded by a visual aura?

A

simple/Jacksonian

81
Q

Which seizure will have 5-10 sec loss of consciousness with eyes open?

A

petit mal

82
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of a general seizure?

A

grand mal and petit mal

83
Q

Which seizure is preceded by ringing in the ears?

A

simple/jacksonian

84
Q

Which seizure has a tonic, clonic, and post-ictal phase?

A

grand mal

85
Q

Damage to _____________ area can decrease a person’s ability to acquire and apply new knowledge

A

Wernicke’s

86
Q

Where does your brain store working memories?

A

prefrontal association area

Neuro Muscle Physiology (15 decks)

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