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SPHY103 EXAM 1-11 > Module 7 - Clauses, SVOCA, Ambiguity, Active vs Passive Construction, Syntactic Structure > Flashcards

Module 7 - Clauses, SVOCA, Ambiguity, Active vs Passive Construction, Syntactic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the declarative clause structure SVO?

A

SVO
Subject, Verb, Object

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2
Q

What is a clause?

A

Sequence of words centred around a main verb

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3
Q

Sentence:

A

One or more related clauses

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4
Q

What component do you identify first for a clause?

A

Main verb - it controls everything

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5
Q

Clause Structure SVO/C/A:

A

S = subject
V= verb
O= object
C= complement
A= adverbial

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6
Q

S= Subject:
(SVOCA)

A

Who / What

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7
Q

V= Verb
(SVOCA)

A

Does/is/action/happening

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8
Q

O= Object
(SVOCA)

A

To whom/what

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9
Q

C= Complement
(SVOCA)

A

Defines subject/object

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10
Q

A= Adverbial
(SVOCA)

A

How / Where / When / Why
Of the VERB

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11
Q

Subject Position
(Declarative Clause)

A

First word
Comes before a verb

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12
Q

Subject - what does it contain?

A

Noun Phrases (NP)
Echidnas / The man / This
Uses Subjective Pronouns
Subordinate clause (whole sentence)
That you don’t talk about syntax too often
is
the reason I like you.

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13
Q

Verb position
(Declarative Clause)

A

-after subject

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14
Q

Verb - what does it contain?

A

One main verb with possible Aux verbs

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15
Q

Types of Verbs (3)

A

Transitive Verb
Intransitive Verb
Copula Verb

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16
Q

Transitive Verb:
(3 Types of Verb)

A

Doing things to things
Eg, My uncle (owns) yellow parrots
The boy (kicked) the ball

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17
Q

Intransitive Verb:

A

Just doing
Eg. The animal (sleeps).
The child (laughed)

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18
Q

Copula Verb:

A

Just being something
Eg. Birthdays (are) fun
She (is) a teacher
Clauses (can be) interesting

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19
Q

Object position
(Declarative Clause)

A

Occurs after a transitive verb

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20
Q

Is the object obligatory in a clause?

A

No

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21
Q

Object
(SVOCA)

A

Recipient of the SUBJECT’s action/intent

22
Q

Can an object occur after a intransitive verb?
Eg the man (snores)___

A

no

23
Q

Ditransitive:

A

2 objects in one clause
Eg I GAVE Mary (Oi) the book (Od)
Oi= indirect object (mary), always comes first
Od= direct object (the book)

24
Q

Object - what does it contain?

A

NP
Objective pronouns
Subordinate clauses
I LIKE (that you don’t talk about syntax too often).

25
Q

Complement:
(SVOCA)

A

Describes Subject or Object
Eg.
Her favourite breed IS (the Golden Retriever)
Golden retriever describes the breed (subject)

26
Q

Complement position:

A

After a verb

27
Q

Complement - what does it contain?

A

NP
Chocolate is (my favourite food).
AdjP
Chocolate tastes (very delicious).
Subordinate clauses
Chocolate is (a food that I will never get tired of.)

28
Q

Is a complement obligatory?
(SVOCA)

A

no

29
Q

2 types of complement

A

Subject complement
Object complement

30
Q

Position of subject complement:

A

After a copula
To be (is, am, are, was, were, could be, should be)
Other (feels, seems, sounds, appears, becomes)

31
Q

Position of object complement:

A

After complex transitive verbs or objects
Eg
Some people CALL German Shepherds (Alsatians)
Students MAKE me (happy)

32
Q

Adverbial
(SVOCA)

A

Describes the action (verb): where, why, how it is taking place?
Preposition comes before an adverbial

33
Q

Adverbials are___ (3)

A

Optional
Shifty (can go to the front of a clause)
Eg. Slowly (adverbial), he(S) ran(V).
Abundant
He RAN (slowly,
with a large egg,
to the museum,
yesterday.)

34
Q

Adverbial - what does it contain? (6)

A

Where, when, why, how of a verb
PP
NP
Subordinate clauses
AdvP

35
Q

What is an Intransitive Verb Structure?
(SVOCA)

A

Verb = can’t transit to an object

SV(A)
I sneeze loudly
S = I
V = sneeze
A = loudly

36
Q

What is an Transitive Verb Structure?
(SVOCA)

A

Verb = Transits to an object

SVO(A)
S = The boy (Subject)
V = Threw (Verb)
O =T he ball (Object)
(A) = long way (Adverbial)

37
Q

What is a copula verb structure?
(SVOCA)

A

Verb is ‘to be’, so complement follows

SVC(A)
They seemed happy on tuesday
S = They
V = seemed (Copula)
C = happy (subject complement)
(A) = on Tuesday (Adverbial)

38
Q

What is a ditransitive verb structure?
(SVOCA)

A

Verb transits to direct object via indirect object

SVOiOd(A)
Tarquin gave Porsche the key (secretly)
S = Tarquin
V = gave
Oi = Porche
Od = the key
(A) = secretly

39
Q

What is a complex transitive verb structure?
(SVOCA)

A

Verb transits to object that requires complement

SVOC(A)
Dogs make me happy (often)
S = Dogs
V = make
O = me
C = happy (Object complement)
A = often (Adverbial)

40
Q

Syntactic Ambiguity:

A

When a clause has two interpretations.

41
Q

Active Constructions
Subject is agent or patient?

A

Subject = Agent
SVO
Subject = agent (person who carries out something)
Object = patient (thing affected by the action)

42
Q

Passive construction
Subject is agent or patient?

A

Subject = Patient
Dinner was cooked (by my husband)
SV(A)
S = Dinner (Patient - something done to it)
V = was cooked
(A) = by my husband (by phrase Agent)

43
Q

What are the 3 types syntactic structures of clauses?

A

Declarative
Imperative
Interrogative

44
Q

Purpose of Declarative clauses

A

statements

45
Q

Declarative Clauses start with

A

SV+

46
Q

Purpose of Imperative Clauses

A

Tell someone to do something (command)

47
Q

Imperative Clauses start with

A

V+

48
Q

Purpose of Interrogatives

A

To ask something

49
Q

Starts with

A

WH- verbs
Who, what, where, why, how, whose, which

50
Q

Types of Interrogatives

A

Yes/no Interrogatives (polar)
Tag constructions

51
Q

Yes/No Interrogatives (polar)

A

Verb or part of the verb is moved before the subject to form a question

52
Q

Tag construction Interrogatives

A

Two clauses together: Declarative + (short) Interrogative ‘tag’.
Your Mum is a lecturer, isn’t she?

SPHY103 EXAM 1-11 (13 decks)

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