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SPHY103 EXAM 1-11 > Module 5 - Morphology > Flashcards

Module 5 - Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What does Lexicon refer to? 3 things

A

Phonological representation (Pronunciation knowledge)
Orthographic representation (Spelling knowledge)
Grammatical (syntactic) information (Eg, Word classification knowledge)

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2
Q

Define Morphology

A

The rules of word structure and formation

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3
Q

Define Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of word with meaning or function

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4
Q

Content words are ____ Morphemes

A

Lexical Morphemes - because the words can have meanings in a dictionary

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5
Q

List word classes in Lexical Morphemes?

A

Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs

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6
Q

Why are lexical morphemes open class?

A

Because new words can be made to represent a new activity
Eg Google, Twitter

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7
Q

What are Proper Nouns?

A

Names of people, institutions or brands
Usually begins with Capital letter

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8
Q

What are Count Nouns?

A

Nouns that can take on a plural form
Can be counted
Eg. Dog / Dogs
1 fish / 2 fish
Box / boxes
Child / Children

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9
Q

What are Mass Nouns?

A

Uncountable nouns
Eg milk, many milks , a jug of milk
Bread, breads, 2 bread, one loaf of bread

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10
Q

What are Collective Nouns?

A

Nouns referring to a group/collection of another noun
A loaf of bread
A group of people
A flock of sheep

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11
Q

What are verbs?

A

Describe doing, being words

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12
Q

Describe Verb tense

A

Verbs tense forms indicate when an action took place
Eg, walked (past tense), walking (present tense)

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13
Q

Can words be verbs or nouns?

A

Yes, depends on linguistic context
Eg Skiing
He was skiing down the slope (verb)
Skiing is a good way to exercise (noun)

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14
Q

What are adjectives?

A

Words that describe nouns
attributes

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15
Q

What is the function of adjectives?

A

To modify nouns
Eg, shape, taste, size colour, judgement

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16
Q

What are the forms of an adjective?

A

Often gradable
- Comparative
Comparison between 2 nouns
Bigger
- Superlative
Comparison between 2 or more nouns and to the highest and lowest degree
Biggest

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17
Q

What are adverbs?

A

Words that describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs
Time
Manner
Quantity
Frequency
Often ends with an ‘ly’

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18
Q

Function words are ____ Morphemes

A

Grammatical Morphemes because they serve a grammar function
No clear lexical meaning

19
Q

Why are function words closed class?

A

Because no new words are made in this class

20
Q

Conjunctions:

A

But, and, because

21
Q

Prepositions:

A

In, on, at after

22
Q

Determiners:

A

The, a, an

23
Q

Pronouns:

A

They, we

24
Q

Neologism:

A

Made up word

25
Q

Free morphemes:

A

Morphemes that can stand alone and have meaning
Eg. Cat, love, jump, she, him

26
Q

Monomorphemic word:

A

A word that consists of ONE free morpheme
Eg. Cat (noun), cook(verb)

27
Q

How many morphemes are in Cats

A

2 morphemes
Cat(free, root morpheme)+s(bound morpheme, suffix)

28
Q

How many morphemes are in “She looks?”

A

3 morphemes
She (free morpheme) + look (free, root morpheme)+ s (bound morpheme [affix])

29
Q

Bound morphemes:

A

Morphemes that must be attached to other morphemes
Affixes
(ed) past tense, (s) plural, (-ist) a person who does whatever comes before (ist)

30
Q

Prefixes

A

Affix that precedes other morphemes
Un-‘unhappy’
Pro-‘proactive’
Dis-‘disarm’

31
Q

Suffixes

A

Affixes that follow other morphemes
Ing ‘eating’
Er ‘bigger’
Ist ‘typist’
Ly ‘manly’

32
Q

Infixes

A

Affix inserted into other morphemes
Fan-FREAKING-tastic
Un-BLOODY-likely

33
Q

Circumfixes

A

Affix attached to the front and end of a morpheme
EM-bold-EN

34
Q

Anomalies: Bound Root Morphemes and Cran-morphs

A

A small number of bound morphemes are roots but do not stand alone
ReCEIVE
biLINGUAL
CRANberry

35
Q

Anomalies: Compound Words

A

Two or more free morphemes, root morphemes joined together to form a new word
Bittersweet, smartphone
Usually the compound word takes on the class of the second word
Eg smartphone (noun)

36
Q

Derivational Morpheme

A

Affixes that changes the word class
Dance (verb) -> DancER (noun)

37
Q

Inflectional Morpheme (4)

A

Grammatical morpheme
Tense and number
Does not change word class
Always comes last in a word

38
Q

Productive Morphemes

A

Morphemes that are used frequently
Productive morphemes change over time

-s ‘bananaS’
-ed ‘pastED’

39
Q

Allomorphs

A

Alternative variations of the same morpheme
/s/ /kæts/
/z/ /dɔɡz/
/əz/ /ho:səz/

40
Q

Allomorphs of plural morpheme -s:

A

/s/
/z/
/əz/

41
Q

Allomorphs of past tense morpheme -d:

A

/ed/ Plaited /plætəd/
/d/ Grabbed /græbd/
/t/ Ripped /ɹɪpt/

42
Q

Allomorphs of 3rd person singular present verbs

A

Eats - /iːts/
Needs - /niːdz/
Rushes /ɹɐʃez/

43
Q

Allomorphs of possessive

A

Ship’s - /ʃɪps/
Woman’s - /wʉːmənz/
Judge’s - /dʒɐdʒɪz/

SPHY103 EXAM 1-11 (13 decks)

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