Module 3 - Phonetic Transcription, allophones, complimentary distribution, distinctive features Flashcards
Phonemic System
- Contrastive phonemes in a particular language
- Standard AusE phonemes
- 24 consonants
- 20 vowels
- HCE system
- However one phoneme can have multiple pronounciations
What is Phonemic Transcription?
- Uses a set of phonemes (IPA)
- Broad
- Does not capture the multiple pronunciations of a phoneme
What is a phone?
Possible speech sound
What is a Phoneme?
- Defined set of distinct phones in a language
Can have multiple pronunciations of one phoneme
Describe Allophonic variation
- Systematic
- Occurs in a rule-based way (rule-based allophonic variations)
- Free Variation
Individual disordered, free allophonic variation
What are Allophones?
- Possible phones representing the same phoneme
- Variations of the same phoneme
What are Diacritics?
- Symbols that mark allophonic variations
- Phonetic transcription
- Found in the IPA
Aspiration Diacritic symbol?
[ʰ] - [phɪn]
Rule 1 of diacritic aspiration
[p] [t] [k] at the beginning of a word and before a stressed vowel is
Voiceless stops [pʰ] [tʰ] [kʰ] aspirated at the beginning
And before a STRESSED VOWEL
Rule 2 of diacritic aspiration
[s] -> [p] [t] [k]
[s] -> [p] [t] [k] unaspirated after [s]
[spɪn]
Rule 3 of diacritic aspiration - Free Variation
When [p] [t] [k] in word final position
Usually aspirated [pʰ] [tʰ] [kʰ] in word final position
Nasalisation Diacritic symbol?
[ ̃] - [mæ̃n]
Describe nasalisation
More air is flowing through the nose
Rule 1 of diacritic nasalisation
Vowels nasalise before
Vowels nasalise before nasal consonants [n] [m] [ŋ]
Dentalisation Diacritic symbol
[ ̪] - eighth [æɪt̪θ]