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SPHY103 EXAM 1-11 > Module 2 - Consonants, Vowels > Flashcards

Module 2 - Consonants, Vowels Flashcards

1
Q

What is a phone?

A

Speech sound

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2
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

Language specific sounds

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3
Q

What is articulatory phonetics?

A

Study of the production of sounds produced by the vocal tract

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4
Q

What are articulators?

A
  • Parts in our oral, nasal and pharangeal cavities that helps to shape speech sounds
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5
Q

What is included in the vocal tract?

A

All anatomy used to produce sound from lungs - layrnx - articulators

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6
Q

What is the first stage of speech production?

A

Respiration - source of air from lungs, pulmonic or exhale air

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7
Q

What is the second stage of speech production?

A

Phonation - buzzing sound generated by vocal folds. Raw ingredient of many sounds

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8
Q

What is the third stage of speech production?

A

Articulation - articulators move to transform sound to speech

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9
Q

What are consonants?

A

Speech sounds produced by obstruction of air-flow in the vocal tract, full stop or friction

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10
Q

What are vowels?

A
  • Speech sounds that have no obstruction of air-flow in the vocal tract
    Free flow of air through the vocal tract
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11
Q

Describe the Place in the IPA Chart?

A

The place is where the air is constricted

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12
Q

Describe the Manner in the IPA Chart

A

The way the air is obstructed (plosive, puffed out)

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13
Q

Describe Voice in the IPA Chart

A

Voiced means that vocal folds are vibrating

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14
Q

How do you describe consonants?

A

Voice - place - manner
/p/ : voiceless-bilabial-oral stop

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15
Q

Describe the place of bilabial sounds

A

2 lips together

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16
Q

Describe the place of Post-alveolar sounds

A

Tongue is raised to the area behind the alveolar ridge

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17
Q

Describe Palatal sounds

A

Tongue is raised to the hard palate

18
Q

Describe Velar sounds

A

Back of tongue is raised to soft palate (velum)

19
Q

Describe Glottal manner of articulation

A
  • Air flows through narrow glottis past the tongue and lips
  • Glottal stop
    Vocal folds close off airway completely
20
Q

Describe Dental Sounds

A

Tongue is behind upper teeth

21
Q

What does manner of articulation focus on?

A
  • Direction of airflow
  • Degree of constriction to impede air flow
  • If oral air flow, whether it is central or lateral
22
Q

Describe Stops
- continuant / non-continuant

A
  • Non-continuants (block air)
  • Airflow is stopped in the cavity before it is released
  • Plosives / oral stops p b t d k g
  • Nasal stops /m n ŋ /
23
Q

Describe Fricatives

A
  • Continuant - air flows continuously through oral cavity
  • Sound is produced by constricting the airway to cause friction
24
Q

Describe Affricates

A
  • Non-continuant
  • Air is stopped initially then released slowly into a fricative
25
Q

Describe glides

A
  • Tongue moves from one place to another
  • /w/ /j/
  • Central air flow
  • continuant
26
Q

Describe Approximants

A
  • Continuants (similar to vowels, air flows continuously)
  • Cannot form a syllable
27
Q

Describe liquids

A
  • /l/ - continual lateral air flow
    /ɹ/ - continuant central air flow
28
Q

Define Voiced

A

Vocal folds are held close together and vibrate

29
Q

Define Voiceless

A
  • No vocal fold vibration
    Vocal folds are apart, air flows freely through the glottis
30
Q

What are vowels?

A
  • Speech sounds produced with no constriction of air
  • Produced by changing size and shape of the oral cavity and movement of lips and tongue
  • Loud, carry pitch
  • They are the nucleus of a syllable
31
Q

What does HPT stand for?

A

Highest Point of Tongue

32
Q

How do you describe vowels?

A
  • Height tongue-frontedness-rounding of lips
    • /e/ : high-front-unrounded sound
  • By length of sound
    –Long vowel /ɐː/ Short vowel /ɐ/
33
Q

Which vowel is the neutral?

A
  • Schwa
    Only occurs in unstressed syllables
34
Q

What is a monophthong

A
  • Stable articulatory position
  • No dynamic movement
    One vowel phoneme
35
Q

What is a diphthong?

A
  • Dynamic movement, change in articulator positions
    One vowel phoneme represented by 2 vowel symbols
36
Q

What is a rising diphthong?

A

Ending vowel sound has a higher HPT than the beginning

37
Q

What is a falling diphthong?

A

Ending vowel sound has a lower HPT than the beginning

38
Q

Define orthography

A
  • Representation of speech sounds using the alphabet
    Spelling rules and conventions for writing symbols
39
Q

Define Syllable

A
  • Syllable is a unit of sound that forms the building block of a word
  • Rhythm of a word
    Must contain one vowel
40
Q

What is a labiovelar sound

A
  • /w/
    Involves rounding of lip and tongue in the velar area
41
Q

Describe the place of Alveolar sounds

A

Tongue touches alveolar ridge

42
Q

Describe the place of Labiodental sounds

A

Bottom lip (labio) touches top teeth (dental)

SPHY103 EXAM 1-11 (13 decks)

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