Module 6

Question 1

Compared to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells will have a ______.

Answer 1

true nucleus / membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

What prokaryotic cell structure regulated passage if materials into and out of the cell?

Answer 2

cell membrane

Question 3

What is the role of the capsule found surrounding some prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

It contributes to the cells ability to cause disease (pathogenicity)

Question 4

What tiny, tube-like projections from the cell surface and are associated with the property of adherence for some organisms?

Answer 4

Pilus (fimbria)

Question 5

What are plasmids?

Answer 5

segments of DNA outside its chromosome and contains information

Question 6

What is the term to describe rod-shaped bacteria?

Answer 6

Bacillus

Question 7

What is the term to describe a bacterium with a flexible, corkscrew shape?

Answer 7

Spirochete

Question 8

What is the term that describes bacteria with a spherical shape?

Answer 8

Coccus

Question 9

What compound term is used to describe chains of spherical bacteria?

Answer 9

Streptococci

Question 10

Grape-like or irregular clusters of spherical bacteria are called ________.

Answer 10

staphylococci

Question 11

Spherical bacteria arranged in pairs would be known as ________.

Answer 11

diplococci

Question 12

A thin peptidoglycan layer would be indicative of a Gram-_______ bacterium.

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

The reason there is a difference in the Gram stain is due to the ______ of the cell wall.

Answer 13

thickness

Question 14

Under a light microscope, a Gram stain of a thick peptidoglycan wall would demonstrate a _____ color.

Answer 14

purple

Question 15

Culture media that encourages growth of some organisms, but discourages others would be considered ________ media.

Answer 15

selective

Question 16

One of the properties of differential growth media is that it can differentiate bacteria based on the fermentation of _______.

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

Which type of culture media encourages the growth of many species of bacteria?

Answer 17

enriched

Question 18

What type of organism would be destroyed in conditions of high atmospheric oxygen?

Answer 18

anaerobic

Question 19

Aerobes would thrive in an environment that is rich in _______.

Answer 19

oxygen

Question 20

The 4 phases of bacterial growth are ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 20

lag,
log,
stationary,
decline / death

Question 21

Bacteria reproduce by a process known as _______.

Answer 21

binary fission or

transverse fission

Question 22

Exponential growth is evident in which phase of the bacterial growth curve?

Answer 22

log phase

Question 23

When bacteria growth has stabilized to match its resources, it is in the ______ phase.

Answer 23

stationary

Question 24

The term to describe the “living-together” relationship of organisms is _______.

Answer 24

symbiosis

Question 25

Describe commensalism.

Answer 25

one organism benefits, the other is neutral

Question 26

Describe mutualism.

Answer 26

both the host and the microorganism benefit

Question 27

Describe parasitism.

Answer 27

one organism benefits, the other is harmed

Question 28

Organisms that commonly live in or on the body and are usually not pathogenic are part of the body's _______.

Answer 28

normal flora

Question 29

Pathogenicity is the organism's ability to _______.

Answer 29

cause disease

Question 30

Virulence would be described as an organism's ability to ______.

Answer 30

cause severe disease

Question 31

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme, which contributes to the _____ of a bacterium.

Answer 31

spread

Question 32

Coagulase is an enzyme that accelerates ______ to cover an organism with fibrin.

Answer 32

clotting

Question 33

Streptokinase and staphylokinase break down and prevent _______.

Answer 33

fibrin and clotting

Question 34

Gram-positive organisms primarily secrete ______-toxins.

Answer 34

exo

Question 35

As they die, Gram-negative bacteria release _____-toxins.

Answer 35

endo

Question 36

Certain bacterial species can survive for very long periods of time as _______.

Answer 36

endospores

Question 37

Newly synthesized nucleic acids are packaged into complete virons during the _______ stage of viral growth.

Answer 37

maturation

Question 38

The return of an endospore to an active, metabolizing state is ________.

Answer 38

germination

Question 39

A virus that can infect and transfer genetic material to a bacterium is called a _________.

Answer 39

bacteriophage (or phage)

Question 40

Drug resistance is tranferred via a F-pilus (sex pilus) in the process of ______.

Answer 40

conjugation

Question 41

A scolex and segments called proglottids are associated with which organism?

Answer 41

tapeworms (helminth)

Question 42

A bacteriostatic antimicrobial drug ______ organism growth.

Answer 42

inhibits

Question 43

A bacteriocidal antimicrobial drug will _____ an organism.

Answer 43

kill

Question 44

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug is effective against both _____ and ______ microorganisms.

Answer 44

Gram-positive and Gram-negative

Question 45

A _____ spectrum antimicrobial drug is effective against a limited number of microorganisms.

Answer 45

narrow

Question 46

A large, clear zone surrounding an antibiotic disc on an agar plate indicates the organism is _____ to the antibiotic.

Answer 46

sensitive

Question 47

The lack of a zone of inhibition on an antibiotic sensitivity test indicates that the organism is _____ to the antibiotic.

Answer 47

resistant

Question 48

Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause of ______.

Answer 48

strep throat

Question 49

Mycoplasms lack a ________

Answer 49

cell wall

Question 50

An insect that transmits an organism is called a _______.

Answer 50

vector

Question 51

Bacteria that have different shapes and sizes are said to be _______.

Answer 51

pleomorphic

Question 52

Chlamydia and Rickettsia are obligate, _______ microorganisms.

Answer 52

intracellular

Question 53

The nucleic acid core of a virus is either _____ or _____ but never both.

Answer 53

DNA or RNA

Question 54

A ______ is a protective coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid.

Answer 54

capsid

Question 55

Viral replication involves the following steps:

Answer 55

1. Adsorption 2. Penetration 3. Synthesis 4. Maturation 5. Release

Question 56

A virus that can reappear and produce disease symptoms is called a ____ virus.

Answer 56

Latent / persistent

Question 57

A prion-related disease called bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known as _______.

Answer 57

mad cow disease

Question 58

Brain tissue can be affected by infectious, misfolded proteins called ______.

Answer 58

prions

Question 59

Ringworm is a type of ______ infection.

Answer 59

fungal

Question 60

The motile, adult, invasive form of an infective protozoan is called a ________.

Answer 60

trophozoite stage

Question 61

The dormant, infective stage of a protozoan is referred to as the ______.

Answer 61

cyst stage

Question 62

A _____ host harbors the parasite when it reproduces by sexual reproduction.

Answer 62

definite

Question 63

A host that is not part of the normal life cycle is called a ______ host.

Answer 63

accidental