Module 6 Flashcards
Compared to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells will have a ______.
true nucleus / membrane-bound nucleus
What prokaryotic cell structure regulated passage if materials into and out of the cell?
cell membrane
What is the role of the capsule found surrounding some prokaryotic cells?
It contributes to the cells ability to cause disease (pathogenicity)
What tiny, tube-like projections from the cell surface and are associated with the property of adherence for some organisms?
Pilus (fimbria)
What are plasmids?
segments of DNA outside its chromosome and contains information
What is the term to describe rod-shaped bacteria?
Bacillus
What is the term to describe a bacterium with a flexible, corkscrew shape?
Spirochete
What is the term that describes bacteria with a spherical shape?
Coccus
What compound term is used to describe chains of spherical bacteria?
Streptococci
Grape-like or irregular clusters of spherical bacteria are called ________.
staphylococci
Spherical bacteria arranged in pairs would be known as ________.
diplococci
A thin peptidoglycan layer would be indicative of a Gram-_______ bacterium.
negative
The reason there is a difference in the Gram stain is due to the ______ of the cell wall.
thickness
Under a light microscope, a Gram stain of a thick peptidoglycan wall would demonstrate a _____ color.
purple
Culture media that encourages growth of some organisms, but discourages others would be considered ________ media.
selective
One of the properties of differential growth media is that it can differentiate bacteria based on the fermentation of _______.
carbohydrates
Which type of culture media encourages the growth of many species of bacteria?
enriched
What type of organism would be destroyed in conditions of high atmospheric oxygen?
anaerobic
Aerobes would thrive in an environment that is rich in _______.
oxygen
The 4 phases of bacterial growth are ______, ______, ______, and ______.
lag,
log,
stationary,
decline / death
Bacteria reproduce by a process known as _______.
binary fission or
transverse fission
Exponential growth is evident in which phase of the bacterial growth curve?
log phase
When bacteria growth has stabilized to match its resources, it is in the ______ phase.
stationary
The term to describe the “living-together” relationship of organisms is _______.
symbiosis
Describe commensalism.
one organism benefits, the other is neutral
Describe mutualism.
both the host and the microorganism benefit
Describe parasitism.
one organism benefits, the other is harmed
Organisms that commonly live in or on the body and are usually not pathogenic are part of the body’s _______.
normal flora
Pathogenicity is the organism’s ability to _______.
cause disease
Virulence would be described as an organism’s ability to ______.
cause severe disease
Hyaluronidase is an enzyme, which contributes to the _____ of a bacterium.
spread
Coagulase is an enzyme that accelerates ______ to cover an organism with fibrin.
clotting
Streptokinase and staphylokinase break down and prevent _______.
fibrin and clotting
Gram-positive organisms primarily secrete ______-toxins.
exo
As they die, Gram-negative bacteria release _____-toxins.
endo
Certain bacterial species can survive for very long periods of time as _______.
endospores
Newly synthesized nucleic acids are packaged into complete virons during the _______ stage of viral growth.
maturation
The return of an endospore to an active, metabolizing state is ________.
germination
A virus that can infect and transfer genetic material to a bacterium is called a _________.
bacteriophage (or phage)
Drug resistance is tranferred via a F-pilus (sex pilus) in the process of ______.
conjugation
A scolex and segments called proglottids are associated with which organism?
tapeworms (helminth)
A bacteriostatic antimicrobial drug ______ organism growth.
inhibits
A bacteriocidal antimicrobial drug will _____ an organism.
kill
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug is effective against both _____ and ______ microorganisms.
Gram-positive and Gram-negative
A _____ spectrum antimicrobial drug is effective against a limited number of microorganisms.
narrow
A large, clear zone surrounding an antibiotic disc on an agar plate indicates the organism is _____ to the antibiotic.
sensitive
The lack of a zone of inhibition on an antibiotic sensitivity test indicates that the organism is _____ to the antibiotic.
resistant
Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause of ______.
strep throat
Mycoplasms lack a ________
cell wall
An insect that transmits an organism is called a _______.
vector
Bacteria that have different shapes and sizes are said to be _______.
pleomorphic
Chlamydia and Rickettsia are obligate, _______ microorganisms.
intracellular
The nucleic acid core of a virus is either _____ or _____ but never both.
DNA or RNA
A ______ is a protective coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid.
capsid
Viral replication involves the following steps:
- Adsorption
- Penetration
- Synthesis
- Maturation
- Release
A virus that can reappear and produce disease symptoms is called a ____ virus.
Latent / persistent
A prion-related disease called bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known as _______.
mad cow disease
Brain tissue can be affected by infectious, misfolded proteins called ______.
prions
Ringworm is a type of ______ infection.
fungal
The motile, adult, invasive form of an infective protozoan is called a ________.
trophozoite stage
The dormant, infective stage of a protozoan is referred to as the ______.
cyst stage
A _____ host harbors the parasite when it reproduces by sexual reproduction.
definite
A host that is not part of the normal life cycle is called a ______ host.
accidental
