Module 3 Flashcards
_______ molecules are those that contain carbon.
Organic
Organic molecules are more complex and generally larger than ________ molecules.
inorganic
What are 5 examples of organic molecules?
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
- adenosine triphosphate
Carbon always makes _____ bonds because it always has ____ electrons available in it’s valence shell.
4 (for both)
Carbon-containing compounds exist in many ______; the same number of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and hydrogen atoms can make thousands of different compounds.
isomers
An _____ is just a rearranged form of the same molecules. In other words, same molecular formula, different structure.
isomer
_____ groups are found where an oxygen uses each of its two allowed bonds in a single covalent bond with carbons, one on each side.
Ester
Oxygen and Sulfur are both in group VI of the periodic table. That means they both have a valence of -2, meaning they can form 2 bonds, If one bond is to a hydrogen, then we call these _________ or _______ groups.
hydroxyl (-OH);
sulfhydryl (-SH)
Just as there are common groupings of inorganic atoms into polyatomic ions organic compounds contain common groupings. These arrangements that are commonly found in carbon-containing molecules are called ______________.
functional groups
_______ groups and _______ groups are both important parts of amino acids.
Carboxyl;
Amino
_______ refers to the amino (nitrogen-containing group), which acts as a base, attracting hydrogen ions.
Amino
_____ refers to the carboxylic acid (-COOH) group, which has a wandering hydrogen.
Acid
The _______ is formed from reaction of acid and alcohol. It is found in fats, oils, also nerve chemical acetylcholine.
Ester group
The _______ is the same as in bases. It is found in alcohols ad sugars. It makes organic molecules water-soluble.
Hydroxyl group
The ______ is an organic acid. It is usually charged at cellular pH.
Carboxyl group
________ groups are formed from a phosphorus atom making a double covalent bond to one oxygen and a single covalent bond to 3 others.
Phosphate
________ acts as a base. It binds to H+ at cellular pH.
Amino groups
Amino + carboxyl in the same molecule is an ________.
amino acid
Phosphate groups are found in energy storing molecules and in _________.
nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
A carbon which forms a double covalent bond to an oxygen (the general name is carbonyl) is called a _______ if it’s in the middle of a molecule or an ________ if it’s at the end.
ketone;
aldehyde
_________ contain carbon and oxygen in a double covalent bond. It is found in ketones and part of the water-loving group.
Carbonyl group
________ are formed when fats are broken down.
Ketones
________ is like hydroxyl, but with sulfur instead of oxygen. It is an important protein structure.
Sulfhydryl group
What are the 4 main kinds of biological molecules?
- carbohydrates
- lipids (fats)
- proteins
- nucleic acids