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HIS 114 - World Civ > Module 5 - Study Guide > Flashcards

Module 5 - Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

United Nations Charter of Human Rights

A

o UN was established by the Allies after WWII
o Created to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war
o Rights for humans all over the world

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2
Q

World Bank and International Monetary Fund

A

o Set up by the Bretton Woods Conference
o WB: will give developmental loans to help poorer countries develop as part of world capitalist economy
o IMF: will provide short-term loans to countries in economic crisis; turn from war to peace; money can do that

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3
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A

o Bind region to US military supremacy

o Prevent control of Europe by Russia

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4
Q

Social Democracy

A

o Regulated capitalism and strong social provisions
o Wanted to show that capitalism works for everyone
o Education, healthcare, family support
o E.g. British National Health Services; US Medicare and Medicaid Programs

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5
Q

Establishment of the People’s Republic of China (1949)

A

o Mao-Tse Tung overthrows Chaing Kai-Shek
o The Nationalist government
o Turns China Communist
o Sends Kai-Shek to exile in Taiwan

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6
Q

Mao Tse-Tung or (Mao Zedong)

A

o Overthrows Kai-Shek’s government

o Establishes Communist China

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7
Q

Proxy Wars

A

o US and USSR are vying for global supremacy -> the world “freezes”
o Either the US or the USSR fights a client (a lower-level state/group)

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8
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

o The Treaty of Friendship
o Signed during the Cold War
o Between the Soviet Union and its satellite states

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9
Q

Eastern Bloc

A

A group of Communist states in eastern Europe, east asia, and southeast asia
o Under control of the USSR during the Cold War

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10
Q

Division of Germany into the German Democratic Republic (“East Germany”) and the Federal Republic of Germany (“West Germany”)

A

o Divided by an “iron curtain”
o Part became capitalist and the other part became communist
o Many people want to move to the West

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11
Q

Berlin Wall

A

o Spilt Berlin just like Germany was split

o Heavily monitored

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12
Q

Korean War

A

o 1950
o Encouraged by USSR and China, northern Korean Communists try to unite all Korea
o UN authorizes US-led war to stop this
o 1m die; no peace

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13
Q

French-Vietnam War (1945-54)

A

o Cold War and decolonization become intertwined

o If certain nations are fighting for freedom, why can we not do the same

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14
Q

Partition of Vietnam

A

o The Geneva Conference

o When Vietnam split into north and south

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15
Q

McCarthyism

A

o A campaign against communists
o In the US government by Senator Joseph McCarthy
o Many accused lost their jobs

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16
Q

Decolonizaiton

A

o The end of European empires
o Independence for the colonies
o Many were poor, socialist
o Some became capitalist

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17
Q

Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong or Chairman Mao)

A

o Leader of China’s communist party
o Led the fight against the Japanese than turned against China
o Liberate China from the West
o Communal Communism

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18
Q

Maoism

A

o The Communist doctrines of Mao Zedong as formerly practiced in China
o Central ideas: permanent revolution, peasantry, small-scale industry, and agricultural collectivization

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19
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

o Mao
o 1958
o Collectivized farm land local industrial communes

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20
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

o Mao sidelined by “realest” economists
o Comes back fighting in the 1960s
o Encourages young people to purge China of the middle class

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21
Q

Guerilla Warfare

A

o A form of irregular warfare
o Small group of combatants
o Use tactics like ambushes, sabotage, raids, warfare, hit and run, and mobility

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22
Q

Viet-Kong

A

o From Northern (Communist) Vietnam
o Led by Ho-Chi Minh
o Tried to liberate the whole country

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23
Q

Ho Chi-Minh

A

o Leader of North Vietnam

o Leader of the Viet-Cong

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24
Q

US-Vietnam War (1955-1975)

A

o Not everyone wanted the Communists to be in charge of the country
o Used to being under control of the French, not a bad thing
o During the treaty-signing, became Communist north and free south
o War breaks out; north -> south

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25
Q

Indian National Congress

A 
o	1895
o	Made up of wealthy, educated, Anglophile Hindus
o	Not anti-British
o	Argued for self-government
o	National identity should be Hindu
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26
Q

Muslim National League

A

o 1906
o Protects the interest of Muslims
o Parallels the National Congress

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27
Q

Mohandas K. Gandhi

A

o Revolutionizes the National Congress
o Turns it from a movement of the elite to a movement of the people
o Appeals to the mass, peasant culture

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28
Q
  • Passive Resistance [or Civil Disobedience/Non-Cooperation)
A

o Boycotting, non-cooperation
o A thought of winning independence through powerlessness and poverty
o Play with ignorance instead of violence
o Ex. Salt March of 1930s

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29
Q
  • Partition of British India (into Republic India and Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
A

o India = Hindu Pakistan = Muslim
o 1947
o Civil war over disputed territory

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30
Q
  • Indian Independence Act (1947)
A

o Split India into India and Pakistan

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31
Q

Jawahrlal Nehru

A

o Independent India’s first leader

o Rejects Gandhi’s ideals

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32
Q

“Non-Alligned”

A

o In Cold War
o With nuclear weapons and strong state control of the economy
o Modernization

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33
Q

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

A

o Starts to train anti-Communist terrorists/guerillas who ensure governments stay pro-US
o Overthrows certain governments and sets up pro-American governments in those places

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34
Q

“Friendly Dictators”

A

o Dictators who appeal to the people with no actual intent of providing them with what they promise

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35
Q

Fidel Castro

A

o Leads the Communist revolution of Cuba

o Becomes a hero to all who are resisting America/the west

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36
Q

Che Geuvara

A

o Becomes hero of “people’s war”
o Became a figurehead for Castro’s troops
o Becomes influential in other parts of the world

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37
Q

Cuban Revolution

A

o 1959
o Communist Fidel Castro takes power, US invades, fails
o Castro becomes hero to all resisting the West

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38
Q
  • Cuban Missile Crisis/Bay of Pigs Invasion
A

o Russia gave Cuba missiles
o Closest the Cold War got to a real war
o Failed military invasion of Cuba by the CIA

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39
Q

Neocolonialism

A

o The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

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40
Q

Pan-African Movement

A

o Encourages and strengthens the bonds of Africans all over the world

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41
Q

“The Year of Africa” (1960)

A

o The independence of 17 African nations

o Many quickly descend into civil war

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42
Q

African Socialism

A

o Socialism became the main way of governing in Africa
o Promised to keep US interests secure
o Sharing economic resources in a traditional African way
o Definitions of this varied considerably

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43
Q

Kwame Nkrumah

A

o British army members lead rebellion
o Ghana was the first independent African nation
o Aims to promote pan-African independence
o Inspires independence movements all around Africa

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44
Q

Jomo Kenyatta

A

o Leads independence movement in Kenya
o The presence of white settlers means that the British concede little
o Mau mau freedom fighters lead the conflict

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45
Q

Independence of Ghana (1957)

A

o First African country to gain independence

o Split from the British

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46
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

o Begins following Gandhi’s ideas of peaceful revolution
o Determines that violence is the only answer
o South Africa
o Arrested, called a Communist, called a terrorist

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47
Q

African National Congress

A

o Resisted apartheid

o Sharpesville Massacre leads to the rise of Nelson Mandela

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48
Q

Apartheid

A

o An extremely systematic program of segregation
o A full restriction of a freedom of the movement of the black population
o Must show visas to leave neighborhoods
o Fully separated black and white society

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49
Q

Arab Revolt

A

o Arabs want the Ottomans out of their territory
o French and British promise to help
o Hoping for a free nation-state after the conflict is over

50
Q

British/French Mandates

A

o Broke promise between them and the Arabs after WWI
o Took the Arab land and split it between themselves
o Iraq, Jordan, Palestine -> British
o Lebanon and Syria -> French
o Make sure that the governments will favor them before they leave

51
Q

Arab Nationalism (or Arab Socialism)

A

o Revives due to general spirit of decolonization around the world
o Wanted real independence for their people

52
Q

Gamal Abdel Nasser

A

o Egyptian leader
o Egypt did not originally want to participate in people’s independence movements
o All Arabs should cooperate so that the Western powers have less control
o Kicks British out of the Suez Canal

53
Q

Suez Crisis (1954)

A

o British, French, and Israel try to get back in but fail
o USSR tries to intervene
o US tells them to get lost and takes over the area

54
Q

Six-Day War (1967)

A

o A major war between Israel and Egypt
o Israel won
o Began US relations with the country

55
Q

OPEC Oil Embargo (1973)

A

o In retaliation for the US supplying the Israeli military
o To gain leverage in the post-war negotiations
o Oil and gas are a key energy source of modern industrial world
o Pushes up prices

56
Q

Iranian Revolution (1979)

A

o President Carter says that the US has the right to intervene in the Persian Gulf to protect “national interests”
o Overthrowing the Persian monarchy
o Led by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi

57
Q

Ayatollah Khomeini

A 
o	Iranian politician
o	Founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran
o	Led the Iranian Revolution of 1979
o	Overthrew the last shah of Iran
o	Became the supreme leader of Iran
58
Q

Islamism (or Political Islam)

A

o Islamic militancy or fundamentalism
o Political activism guided by Islamic concepts
o Want to implement Sharia law

59
Q

Wahhabism

A

o An Islamic doctrine and religious salafi movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
o Wanted to restore conservative Muslim thinking

60
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

o The Ba’ath leader of Iraq
o Socialist, Sunni, secular
o Does not make to big of a deal on religion -> does not want a bloodbath on his hands
o Thinks that oil will fuel his status in the nation
o Allied with the US against Iran

61
Q

Iran-Iraq War

A

o Iraq fights with US help
o US sells weapons to Iran -> hoping to offset Iraq
o Iraq invaded Iran
o Ended when Iran accepted the UN ceasefire

62
Q

Mujahedeen

A

o Guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries, especially those who are fighting against non-Muslim forces

63
Q

Balfour Declaration (1917)

A

o British promise the Jews a homeland in Palestine

o Promise made to counter French ambitions in region and to secure a British base in E. Mediterranean

64
Q

Zionism

A

o A movement for the reestablishment and development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel

65
Q
  • United Nations Partition Plan (two-state solution) (1947)
A

o Palestinian leaders reject this plan -> feels like the Zionists are getting too much land
o Some areas would be specifically Arab, others specifically Jewish, and Jerusalem would be part of both

66
Q
  • Creation of the State of Israel (1948)
A

o Zionists under the lead of David Ben-Gurion declare independence as “the state of Israel”
o Did not name boarders
o The nation will be created in the land
o Declaration of boarders in ‘49

67
Q

David Ben Gurion

A

o Declared the location of the “state of Israel”

o Did not clarify boarders

68
Q

Occupied Territories

A

o Israel fights war of expansion into E. Jerusalem, West Bank, Gaza Strip
o These areas become known as occupied territories

69
Q
  • Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
A

o 1960s
o Arab nationalist organization founded to kick Israel out of Palestinian territories
o Israel begins building security walls against them

70
Q

Hamas

A

o A Palestinian Sunni-Islamist fundamentalist organization
o Social service and military
o Governing authority of the Gaza strip since its takeover of the area in 2007
o Fought several wars against Israel

71
Q

Hezbollah

A

o A Shi’a Islamist political party and military group based in Lebanon
o Parliamentary and political

72
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

o Desire for freedom from constraints placed on individual by society
o Express yourself -> do not let anyone tell you how to behave

73
Q
  • African-American Civil Rights Movement
A

o Signified the unity of the black people in America -> solidarity based on color

74
Q
  • Pan-African movement
A

o Strong connections with African anti-colonial movements
o Negritude
o Living as if they are under the whites
o Denied certain rights and freedoms

75
Q
  • Martin Luther King
A

o Radical and socialist
o Racism is a smaller part of the larger picture of social injustice
o The task will not be finished until there is equality for everyone
o Says that capitalism is the main cause for racism
o Inspired by Gandhi
o Non-violent resistance

76
Q
  • US Civil Rights Act (1964)
A

o Many means to evade its implications
o Selma to Montgomery March 1965
o Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination

77
Q
  • Radical feminism
A

o Divorce, employment, abortion

o Campaigns against sexual violence

78
Q
  • Gay Rights movement
A

o Legislation of consensual homosexual acts

o Non-discrimination in public life

79
Q
  • Postmodernism
A

o Language itself is a form of power and control

o It cannot be trusted to tell the truth- it has hidden agendas

80
Q
  • Neoliberalism or economic liberalization
A

o Answer for some was a new political/economic determination to “free” capital from its captivity
o The idea that money, like everything else, should be free
o Capitalism should be liberated, governments smaller, taxes lower, regulations cut

81
Q

Ronald Regan

A 
o	40th President of the United States
o	Spurred the war on drugs
o	“Reaganomics” -> supply-side economics plans
o	Cold War, Iran-Iraq war
o	“Tear down this wall!”
82
Q
  • Margaret Thatcher
A

o Conservative who embraced the vision of small government, low taxes on the wealthy, less laws
o Competition should be put into areas where it did not exist

83
Q
  • Economic liberalization
A

o The lessening of government regulations and restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private entities

84
Q
  • Mikhail S. Gorbachev
A

o Leader of the Soviet Union
o Encourages private ownership and free market
o Encouraged to tear down the Berlin Wall

85
Q
  • Reunification of Germany
A

o The wall is torn down in Berlin

o A hole formed in the iron curtain

86
Q
  • Collapse of the Soviet Union
A

o Soviet Union divided into multiple independent states with capitalism and foreign investment

87
Q
  • Deng’s Revolution (i.e. China in the 1980s and 1990s)
A

o From 1980s China
o State-guided economic development leads to massive urbanization and investment from foreign countries
o Communist Vietnam follows
o Deng -> Communist party -> open up the economy

88
Q
  • Tiananmen Square Massacre
A

o Student-led demonstrations

o Many people were killed

89
Q
  • “Asian Tiger” economies
A

o Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan
o Underwent massive growth rates between the early ‘60s and the ‘90s
o High income economies
o Much industry

90
Q
  • European Union
A

o Growing since 1970s but formed officially in 1993
o Allows free movement of goods and peoples across “Eurozone”
o Single currency in most countries
o Shared social and agricultural policies

91
Q
  • Free Trade Zones
A

o NAFTA
o Allows free movement of products between Canada, US, and Mexico
o Also Southeast-Asian Free Trade Zone
o Proposed: Trans-Pacific Trade Partnership

92
Q
  • World Trade Organization
A

o Lowers tariffs/negotiate
o Trade tariffs were dropped and more of a global trade was started
o Created to negotiate multi-lateral reduction in tariffs across whole world

93
Q
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
A

o Have offered financial aid to African and Latin American countries on condition they commit to free trade and allow foreign investment

94
Q
  • World Bank
A

o An international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects

95
Q

Internet

A

o A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols

96
Q
  • Global warming
A

o A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants

97
Q
  • Kyoto Agreement
A

o An international treaty
o Reduce greenhouse gasses
o Global warming

98
Q
  • World Trade Organization
A

o The only global organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations

99
Q
  • Multinational (or Global) Corporations
A

o Companies that have retailors in multiple countries

o Ex. McDonalds, Starbucks

100
Q
  • Saddam Hussein
A

o Invaded Kuwait
o President of Iraq
o Leading member of the Ba’ath party

101
Q
  • Persian Gulf War (1991)
A

o US commits to policing the new world order
o Launched by George H.W. Bush to prove US would not tolerate trouble-makers
o In this case, Hussein in Kuwait
o Wanted to show off high-tech weaponry

102
Q
  • Industrial-Military complex
A

o An informal alliance between a nation’s military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy
o Most often used when referring to US military

103
Q
  • Kim Jong-un
A

o North Korean political leader

104
Q
  • Vladimir Putin
A

o Failure of market reforms led to desire for revived Russian nationalism and strength
o Dominated Russia since 1999 and has reasserted Russia’s status as a global major power

105
Q
  • Jihadists / Islamist Terrorists
A

o An Islamic militant

o A struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam

106
Q
  • Al-Qaeda
A

o “The Network”

o Formed by Osama bin Laden

107
Q
  • Osama bin Laden
A

o Formed Al-Qaeda
o His own form of globalization
o Did not intend to create a unified movement

108
Q
  • 9/11
A

o Hijacked planes destroy World Trade Center
o Crash into Pentagon
o Aim to crash into the White House

109
Q
  • War on Terror
A

o An international military campaign that was launched by the US government after the 9/11 attacks

110
Q
  • US/UK invasion of Iraq (2003)
A

o Claim that Saddam has weapons of mass destruction

o Heavily implied he was connected to the 9/11 attacks (not true)

111
Q
  • 2007 World Economic crisis
A

What started in the US developed into a full-blown international banking crisis
o Followed by economic downturn

112
Q
  • Climate change
A

o The change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time

113
Q
  • United Nations Framework on Climate Change (Paris Agreement, 2015)
A

o An ratification of the international environmental treaty adopted in 1992
o In Paris, France

114
Q
  • Populism
A

o Support for the concerns of ordinary people

115
Q
  • 2016 Referendum on EU Membership (“Brexit”)
A

o The impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU

116
Q
  • Arab Spring
A

o A series of pro-democracy uprisings that enveloped several largely Muslim countries
o Began in the spring

117
Q
  • Anti-immigrant sentiment
A

o Opposition to immigration

118
Q
  • Syrian Civil War
A

o An ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought between the Ba’ath Republic against other governments

119
Q
  • ISIS
A

o A jihadist military group
o Sunni Muslim
o Terrorist organization
o Allegiant to Al-Qaeda

120
Q
  • Iranian Nuclear Deal
A

o Trump pulled out
o An agreement on the nuclear program of Iran
o In Vienna

121
Q
  • Donald Trump
A

o A paradox

o Spoke language of anti-neoliberalism -> one of its main products -> embraced its arguments

HIS 114 - World Civ (11 decks)

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