Exam 4 - Questions and Answers Flashcards
This was massive economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted for most of the 1930s. It led all western governments to take greater control of the economy, and encouraged the rise of Nazism:
- Great Depression
Communism, as it appeared in the Soviet Union in the 20th century…
- Put the central government in total control of industry and economic planning
This industrial, materialized nation aimed to control Asian markets and territory. In the 1930s it invaded mainland China and by 1942 had taken over much of South East Asia. Its economic and political ambitions conflicted with those of the United States.
- Japan
The decline and fall of this Empire (due in part to its alliance with Germany in the First World War) left a power vacuum in the Middle East. Britain and France carved up much of its former territory for themselves.
- Ottoman
This Russian revolutionary pioneered the idea that instead of waiting for the people to rise up against capitalism, there was a need for a “professional revolutionary” to guide them, since the people were not educated or organized enough to do it on their own. He was the leading figure in the 1917 Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution.
- Vladimir Lenin
One of the responses to mass warfare was increased government control over the economy, restrictions on civilian life, and complete participation in the war effort by all sections of society. What name do historians give to this feature of modern warfare?
- Total
What was the name of the political ideology adopted by both Hitler and Mussolini that emphasized the military, national unity, and racial/physical strength?
- Fascism
This was the international diplomatic/peace-keeping organization set up after the First World War? The organization ultimately proved a failure since the US did not join and the Soviet Union was banned from joining:
- The League of Nations
What was the name given to the systematic extermination of Jewish people from Nazi controlled areas of Europe?
- Holocaust
This nationalist leader helped create an independent Turkey out of the remains of the Ottoman Empire in the years after the First World War. He was a modernizer who wanted western education and science - and not Islam - to dominate the culture of the new nation.
- Kemal Ataturk
This Chinese political leader was instrumental in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. He became the first president of the Republic of China. He promoted a vision of Chinese national unity based on Han ethnic identity.
- Sun Yat Sen
In the early twentieth-century, the United States exercised informal control over the governments and economic policy of many central and South American countries, without directly taking them over. This exercise of indirect control is sometimes called the creation of
- Client states
The First World War was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The assassins were part of a nationalist terrorist organization advocating for the extension of territory for which Balkan country?
- Serbia
Who was Chaing Kai-shek?
- The authoritarian president of China during the 1930 and 1940s
This is the idea that capitalism needs to be regulated to ensure its gains are fairly distributed among workers and owners, and so that the economic profit motive is balanced against the wider interests of society. It also argues that governments need to provide social safety nets to ensure against the depressions and crisis inherent within capitalist economies. The outlook became popular across western Europe and the United States after the Great Depression. It prevailed as the basis of western European and American political and economic thought until the late 1970s.
- Keynesianism
