Exam 4 - Questions and Answers Flashcards
This was massive economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted for most of the 1930s. It led all western governments to take greater control of the economy, and encouraged the rise of Nazism:
- Great Depression
Communism, as it appeared in the Soviet Union in the 20th century…
- Put the central government in total control of industry and economic planning
This industrial, materialized nation aimed to control Asian markets and territory. In the 1930s it invaded mainland China and by 1942 had taken over much of South East Asia. Its economic and political ambitions conflicted with those of the United States.
- Japan
The decline and fall of this Empire (due in part to its alliance with Germany in the First World War) left a power vacuum in the Middle East. Britain and France carved up much of its former territory for themselves.
- Ottoman
This Russian revolutionary pioneered the idea that instead of waiting for the people to rise up against capitalism, there was a need for a “professional revolutionary” to guide them, since the people were not educated or organized enough to do it on their own. He was the leading figure in the 1917 Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution.
- Vladimir Lenin
One of the responses to mass warfare was increased government control over the economy, restrictions on civilian life, and complete participation in the war effort by all sections of society. What name do historians give to this feature of modern warfare?
- Total
What was the name of the political ideology adopted by both Hitler and Mussolini that emphasized the military, national unity, and racial/physical strength?
- Fascism
This was the international diplomatic/peace-keeping organization set up after the First World War? The organization ultimately proved a failure since the US did not join and the Soviet Union was banned from joining:
- The League of Nations
What was the name given to the systematic extermination of Jewish people from Nazi controlled areas of Europe?
- Holocaust
This nationalist leader helped create an independent Turkey out of the remains of the Ottoman Empire in the years after the First World War. He was a modernizer who wanted western education and science - and not Islam - to dominate the culture of the new nation.
- Kemal Ataturk
This Chinese political leader was instrumental in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. He became the first president of the Republic of China. He promoted a vision of Chinese national unity based on Han ethnic identity.
- Sun Yat Sen
In the early twentieth-century, the United States exercised informal control over the governments and economic policy of many central and South American countries, without directly taking them over. This exercise of indirect control is sometimes called the creation of
- Client states
The First World War was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The assassins were part of a nationalist terrorist organization advocating for the extension of territory for which Balkan country?
- Serbia
Who was Chaing Kai-shek?
- The authoritarian president of China during the 1930 and 1940s
This is the idea that capitalism needs to be regulated to ensure its gains are fairly distributed among workers and owners, and so that the economic profit motive is balanced against the wider interests of society. It also argues that governments need to provide social safety nets to ensure against the depressions and crisis inherent within capitalist economies. The outlook became popular across western Europe and the United States after the Great Depression. It prevailed as the basis of western European and American political and economic thought until the late 1970s.
- Keynesianism
The idea that, at the subconscious level, humans are no more than animals, driven by the quest for sex and power, became popular in the inter-war years because it fitted with the general post-First World War feeling that western civilization was a sham. It was most associated with:
- Sigmund Freud
Which nineteenth-century Russian Emperor instituted a sweeping range of modernizing reforms in the 1860s, including the abolition of serfdom?
- Alexander II
The attempt at modernizing China’s economic and technological infrastructure in the late 19th century was known as:
- Self-strengthening
This ambitious ruler of Egypt effectively ended the Ottoman Empire’s control of the region in the early 19th century:
- Muhammad Ali
This was an underground martial arts-inspired rebellion against western influence in China, covertly sponsored by the Empress Cixi, which occurred at the start of the 20th century:
- Boxer Rebellion
Pursuing an aggressive foreign and military policy from the late nineteenth century, this leader of Germany took the country into the First World War:
- Kaiser Wilhelm
The late-nineteenth century belief that white, Protestant Americans of Northern European descent were the master race in the United States (and Canada) was called:
- Anglo-Saxonism
Which country annexed the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico at the end of the 19th century?
- United States of America
This early twentieth-century revolution, led by Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, led to massively redistributed wealth and property rights in the 1917 constitution which was its outcome.
- Mexican Revolution
The official war aims of the United States in the First World War were embodied in Woodrow Wilson’s
- Fourteen Points
The development of the Liberal political tradition into a belief that the environment in which individuals make choices may need to be changed by legislation and governmental action if individuals are to be truly free is called:
- Social liberalism or progressivism
In the early twentieth century, “Cultural modernism” refers to:
- A sense of having broken with intellectual and artistic traditions
____ was a form of media that encouraged the development of mass national audiences in the 1920s
- Radio
The Nazi German invasion of this country was the formal trigger that began the Second World War:
- Poland
What was the immediate cause of the United States entering the Second World War?
- It declared war on Japan in retaliation for the Japanese bombing of the Pearl Harbor naval base
