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HIS 114 - World Civ > Module 2 - Study Guide Terms > Flashcards

Module 2 - Study Guide Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Capitalism

A
  • Began and never stopped growing
  • Putting money into a project that you hope would make a profit, then re-invested for infinity
  • Private, individual profit
  • Attitude of the West
  • Wealthy people
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2
Q

Mercantilism

A
  • Merchant trade

- An early focus of capitalism

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3
Q

Colonialism

A
  • The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploring it economically
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4
Q

Joint-Stock Companies

A
  • The first modern corporations
  • Maximize import profit
  • Have huge political and military power
  • Indian Ocean Zone
  • Stockholders and shareholders
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5
Q

English East India Company

A
  • Hard to get people to want to move
  • Become less free than they are in England
  • Get the right to become primary slave-traders
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6
Q

Dutch East India Company

A
  • Founded by James Coen
  • No trade without war, no war without trade
  • Pioneer of capitalism and trade
  • First public trade company (stocks and shares)
  • Established a monopoly over much of the Indian Ocean Trade
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7
Q

Dutch Indonesia

A
  • Dutch East India Company
  • First publicly traded company
  • Colonizes Indonesia
  • Challenges Portugal
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8
Q

Virginia Colony

A
  • Becoming important in the slave trade
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9
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A
  • Becomes financial and transportation supplier to southern plantations
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10
Q

Puritans

A
  • English Protestants
  • 16th and 17th centuries
  • Did not like the reformation of the church of england
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11
Q

Sugar Islands/ Plantation Complex

A
  • The Caribbean Islands

- Cash crop

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12
Q

Staple Crops

A

-Tobacco, Sugar, Rice

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13
Q

Kingdom of the Congo

A
  • Became fairly rich thanks to Western trade
  • Traded with the Portuguese
  • King Afonso Converted to Christianity
  • Became rich but unstable
  • Weapons for slaves
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14
Q

Transatlantic Slave Trade

A
  • A component of the Triangular Trade

- People from Africa would be shipped to America to work on the sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations

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15
Q

Slave Society

A
  • Worked the plantations in America
  • They became good at financing the purchases of one another
  • The idea of race began here
  • 10 million slaves
  • Slavery becomes biological
  • Reduced the need for new imports
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16
Q

Atlantic System or Trade Triangle

A
  • Between America, Britain, and Africa

- Slaves and goods went back and forth

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17
Q

New France

A
  • The area colonized by the French in North America
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18
Q

Absolutism (or Absolutist Monarchy)

A
  • A single ruler “Monarch”
  • Benefits everyone in the kingdom
  • Unity, authority, no committees
  • God is an absolute monarch
    The most rational, efficient, effective way to guarantee security and prosperity for everyone in a state
  • Associated with France
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19
Q

King Louis XIV of France

A
  • Absolute monarch
  • “The Sun King”
  • Abandons any consultation with nobility
  • Gives France huge military victories and trade expansion
  • Under-tax the wealthy to avoid representative assemblies
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20
Q

Social Contract

A
  • You have agreed that it is better to have government than to not
  • The natural condition of man is war against each other
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21
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A
  • “Wealth is power; power is wealth”
  • Wrote “The Leviathan”
  • Explained why you actually need government
  • Wants an absolute monarch
  • Need someone to rule over us
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22
Q

Constitutional Monarchy/ Constitutionalism

A
  • Limited Monarchy
  • Monarchy is a good thing
  • The king still needs to be put in his place
  • John Locke -> we should have the opportunity to change the government -> life liberty and property -> natural rights
  • Share with the wealthy
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23
Q

Republic

A
  • A group of well-educated, wise, wealthy men
  • Influenced by Italian, Swiss, and Roman/Greek thought
  • Get rid of the monarchy
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24
Q

Dutch Republic

A
  • The Netherlands
  • Declares independence from Habsburg Spain
  • Appoints a “stadholder” from Holland (taxes) -> turns into a kingship
  • Central authority was too weak
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25
Q

(English) Parliament

A
  • Governed by a monarch and the parliament
  • Parliament actually rules
  • Based off of the French word for talk
  • Fired the king
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26
Q

English Bill of Rights (1689)

A
  • Makes sure Parliament is supreme
  • The rules for being king
  • William and Mary
  • Parliament: military, taxes, right to bear arms, freedom of speech, suspending laws
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27
Q

John Locke

A
  • The Second Treaty of Government
  • We should have the opportunity to change the government
  • Life, liberty, property
  • Constitutional Monarchy
  • One of the founding fathers of liberalism
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28
Q

“Life, Liberty, Property”

A
  • The rights that John Locke says the people should be allowed to have
  • “Natural Rights”
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29
Q

National Debt

A
  • War and trade expand together (Britain)
  • Government support for commerce and businesses comes from the Bank of England
  • Provides cheap capital
  • Helps fund expanding military power
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30
Q

Fiscal-Military State

A
  • Economic model is based on the sustainment of its armed forces
  • High taxes
31
Q

Seven Years’ War

A
  • A three continent struggle between Britain and France
  • Major victory for Britain
  • Dominate Indian trade and all of France’s American land east of Mississippi -> parts of India
  • Leads directly to the American Revolution
32
Q

Enlightenment

A
  • The questioning of authority and tradition by the individual
  • Liberalism
  • The use of the mind to understand a master a universe that is orderly, logical
  • If everyone uses their reason, there will be peace and harmony
33
Q

“Reason” (the 18th century sense of the term)

A
  • The use of the mind to understand and master a universe that is orderly, logical
34
Q

Isaac Newton

A
  • Showed how a set of simple “laws” that explained the mechanics of matter
  • Gravity is both universal and simple
  • makes the universe more rational
35
Q

Natural Laws

A
  • Apply at all times and places
  • Like gravity
  • John Locke
  • Trump scientific religious teachings
  • Can challenge existing power
36
Q

Rene Descartes

A
  • Don’t trust anything but your mind
  • “I think therefore I am”
  • Everything is an illusion
  • The only true thing is the mind
  • Your inner eye must exist
37
Q

Voltaire

A
  • French Philosophes
  • Question authority and privilege
  • Thinks the church is full of hypocrisy
38
Q

French Philosophers

A
  • Question authority and privilege
  • Ex: Voltaire
  • Want to categorize, classify, define
39
Q

John Locke

A
  • Empericist
  • Your mind is blank until you fill it with data from the world
  • Doubts the French and Descartes
  • The language had to come from somewhere not your mind
40
Q

Natural Rights

A
  • Life, liberty, property
  • Put there by “Nature’s God”
  • Enlightenment thinkers claim to discover these
41
Q

Deism

A
  • A distant God of order
  • Not the Christian God
  • Winds up the clock then steps back
42
Q

Unitarianism

A
  • Denial of the Trinity
43
Q

“Nature’s God”

A
  • Put the ideas of natural rights into the world
  • Life, liberty, property
  • A distant God of order
  • Deism
  • Not the Christian God
44
Q

Great Awakening/ Evangelical Revival

A
  • Revivals across Britain and America
  • Key leaders: John Wesley and George Whitefield
  • The thought that Christianity is personal
45
Q

John Wesley

A
  • Most famous leader in Britain
  • Protestant who tried Catholic methods
  • “Methodists”
  • True Christianity is knowing Jesus in your heart
  • Heart became “warmed”
46
Q

George Whitefield

A
  • Preaches a personal message of the Gospel
  • Mostly in America
  • First person to become known in all 13 colonies
47
Q

Race

A
  • Helps us understand reality
  • Emerges around the 18th century
  • Used to mean “group”
  • Groups humans into distinct, water-tight groups
  • An Enlightenment idea
  • No scientific proof
  • One drop of black blood makes you black
48
Q

Ethnicity

A
  • Ethnic group
  • People who share a sense off solidarity with one another
  • People who share a common history
  • Not determined by your biology
  • black = skin color
  • Black = from Africa
49
Q

Russia:

Slavs/ Slavic Peoples

A
  • The people that originally lived in Russia

- Invaded by the Rus

50
Q

Russia:

Eastern Orthodox Church

A
  • Orthodoxy
  • Adopted by the Rus
  • “Correct Praise”
  • What you sing, pray, worship is what you believe
51
Q

Russia:

Rus People

A
  • “Red”
  • Vikings from Scandinavia
  • Settle along the major river systems
  • Invade the Slavs
52
Q

Russia:

Muscovy

A
  • Moscow
  • The capital of Russia
  • Broke from the Mongol rule
53
Q

Russia:

Ivan IV

A
  • The Terrible
  • Officially adopts the title of tsar
  • Begins a large expansion over Eastern Europe
  • Birth of the Russian state
  • Says he is an heir of the Byzantine Empire
54
Q

Russia:

Tsar

A
  • Ceasar or Roman Emperor
  • Russian ruler
  • First one: Ivan the Terrible
55
Q

Russia:

Romanov Dynasty

A
  • Renew the government

- Rule until Communism takes over

56
Q

Russia:

Peter the Great

A
  • The greatest of the Romanovs
  • Wins war against Sweden
  • Brings science and engineering
  • Initiates serfdom
  • Looks to expand East
57
Q

Russia:

Catherine the Great

A
  • Gains access to the Black Sea
  • Wants to retake Constantinople
  • The Ottoman Empire
58
Q

Russia:

Serfdom

A
  • The state of being a laborer
  • Bound by a plot of land
  • Served the landlord
59
Q

Russia:

Russian Conquest of Serbia

A
  • Sponsored by the Romanovs
60
Q

Britain in India:

East India Company

A
  • The actual military leaders of France and England
  • British begin to take over the French
  • English company began to take over India
61
Q

Britain in India:

Battle of Plassey

A
  • 1757

- British East India Company takes control of Bengal

62
Q

Britain in India:

Anglo-Mysore Wars

A
  • 1767 - 1799

- British East India Company defeats southern Indian confederation

63
Q

Britain in India:

Anglo-Maratha Wars

A
  • 1775 - 1818

- British East India Company defeats central Indian confederation

64
Q

The Qing in China:

Qing Dynasty

A
  • 1644 - 1911
  • Established by Manchuria
  • Ran the Ming out
  • Restricted foreign trade
  • Banned Christians
  • Limited ports to Canton
65
Q

The Qing in China:

Machus

A
  • From North China

- Establish the Qing dynasty

66
Q

The Qing in China:

Emperor Kangxi

A
  • Ruled 1661-1722
  • Wealth and agricultural growth
  • Territorial expansion: Mongolia, Tibet, Central Asia
67
Q

The Qing in China:

Canton System

A
  • Treaty Port
  • Suspicious of outside trade
  • Keep them in the Hong
68
Q

The Qing in China:

Matteo Ricci

A
  • One of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions
69
Q

The Qing in China:

Jesuits

A
  • Relations between China and the Western world
70
Q

Acts of Union 1707

A
  • Merger of England and Scotland to create “Great Britain”
71
Q

Enlightened Absolutists

A
  • Frederick the Great of Prussia
72
Q

Evangelicalism

A
  • Not the same as evangelism
73
Q

“Second Birth”

“Heart Religion”

A
  • Key concepts of Evangelicalism
74
Q

Russia:

Russian Conquest of Siberia

HIS 114 - World Civ (11 decks)

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