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HIS 114 - World Civ > Module 4 - Study Guide > Flashcards

Module 4 - Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Ottoman Empire: Young Turk Revolution (1908)

A

o 1908
o Coup against the sultan
o Turns empire into a constitutional monarchy
o Eager to break with British/French supervision
o Turn to Germany as a trade/investment partner
o Fight in WWI in alliance with Germany and Austria

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2
Q

Ottoman Empire: Kemal Ataturk

A

o Fights to liberate Anatolia
o Wins independence as Turkey (1922)
o Turns it into a secular nation-state
o Teaches the Latin alphabet

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3
Q

Ottoman Empire: Republic of Turkey

A

o Created by Kemal Ataturk

o When Anatolia split from the Ottoman Empire

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4
Q

Russian Empire: Crimean War

A

o 1854-5
o Britain and France inflict a major defeat on Russia
o Russia’s attempt at taking over the Middle East
o England, France, and the Ottomans declare war on Russia

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5
Q

Russian Empire: Tsar Alexander II’s “Great Reforms”

A

o Abolition of serfdom
o Encourages modernization
o “Emancipation Proclamation” (1861) frees serfs but makes them pay a lifetime tax for their freedom

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6
Q

Russian Empire: Trans-Siberian Railroad

A

o Part of Russia’s industrial revolution
o A railroad that goes across all of Russia
o Moderately successful

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7
Q

Russian Empire: Vladimir Lenin

A

o Leader of the Bolsheviks
o Takes over rule of Russia after Duma rule
o Says that intellectuals will lead the rebellion, not the workers

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8
Q

Russian Empire: Bolsheviks

A

o Said that socialism could come before industrialization
o Revolution should be led by a small elite of professional revolutionaries f
o Led by Lenin

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9
Q

Russian Empire: First Russian Revolution

A

o 1905
o Russia’s defeat by Japan weakened the tsar
o Army opened fire on a large group of lower-class protesters
o A full-scale strike paralyzed the country
o Nicholas II fears revolution creates the Duma

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10
Q

Chinese Empire: Unequal Treaties

A

o With Britain, France, and the USA
o Primarily agricultural -> Britain and opium
o China begins to be divided up among different countries

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11
Q

Chinese Empire: Spheres of Influence

A

o China was divided by Russia, Europe, and Japan

o Want huge economic privileges and military bases

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12
Q

Chinese Empire: Open Door Policy

A

o The US wants the entire world to be open for free trade

o More specifically, rights to trade with every nation

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13
Q

Chinese Empire:

Self-Strengthening Movement

A

o Wanted to restore China to its former glory

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14
Q

Chinese Empire: Sino-Japanese War

A

o 1894 – 1895
o Influence over Korea
o Demonstrated the failure of the Qing Empire’s attempts to modernize the military

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15
Q

Chinese Empire: Boxer Rebellion

A

o Aims to rid China of “foreign devils”

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16
Q

Chinese Empire: Sun Yat-Sen

A

o Leads the “Nationalist” anti-foreign movement
o Promotes the “pure” Chinese race (the Han)
o Brings in the Republic of China

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17
Q

Chinese Empire: Chinese Nationalism

A

o Brought in by the Han

o Led by Sun Yat-Sen

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18
Q

Chinese Empire: Republic of China

A

o 1911
o Replaced the Qing Dynasty
o Based on the Han ethnicity, democracy, and economic freedom

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19
Q

Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm

A

o More belligerent
o Arms race with Britain
o Claimed parts of N. Africa, E. Africa, and Pacific Islands
o Looked for his “American West”

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20
Q

Germany: Pan-Germanism

A

o Unite all German-speaking or even Germanic peoples in one “greater Germany”
o Many people outside of Germany speak German
o Alliance with Austria-Hungary

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21
Q

Japan: Meiji Restoration

A

o 1868
o Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown
o Mutsuhito Meiji installed as Emperor
o Reinvented tradition to bring a new sense of loyalty

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22
Q

Japan: Sino-Japanese War

A
  • 1884-5

- Sino = Chinese

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23
Q

Japan: Russo-Japaneae War

A
  • 1904-5
  • Russo = Russian
    o Japan wins
    o Want a treaty from them, but end up claiming part of the country
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24
Q

US: “Anglo-Saxon Race”

A

o The white, English-speaking northern Europeans
o Josiah Strong believed that it was the responsibility of America to Anglo-Saxonize the world
o Bring freedom to the world

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25
Q

US: Spanish-American War

A

o 1898
o Survival of the fittest
o The US takes over the countries of Cuba, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
o Turns on those that they had just helped

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26
Q

US: US Annexation of Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico

A

o Takes them over in the Spanish-American War
o They had just helped them to become independent from Spain
o The Philippines resisted the most

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27
Q

US: Panama Canal

A

o By 1900, the US is the primary capital investor in Latin America
o Encourages an uprising in Columbia that allows the US to build and control the Panama Canal
o Links US Atlantic and Pacific coasts

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28
Q

US: Mexican Revolution

A

o 1911-17
o Pancho Villa wants to redistribute the land
o Taking land away from the Americans
o War turns civil
o Puts industries out of the control of people
o Makes Mexico socialist

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29
Q

US: Informal Empire

A
  • US economic, political, and military influence in Central and South American countries
    o America becomes involved in behind-the-scenes work in Central and South America
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30
Q

Balkans Crisis

A

o 1912
o Encouraged by Russia
o Wage war to grab more Ottoman Territory

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31
Q

Serbian Nationalism

A

o Wanted to assassinate the archduke
 Succeed
o Wanted to raise awareness of their cause
o Put pressure on the Austrian government
o Did not mean to start a world war

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32
Q

Central Powers

A
  • Germany, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire
33
Q

Entente (or Allied) Powers

A
  • Britain, France, and Russia (prior to 1917)

- Add the US (after 1917)

34
Q

Total War

A

o Civilian populations are seen as essential to war success

o Civilians become legitimate targets

35
Q

Propaganda

A

o Portrays the enemy as a ferocious beast
o Huge expansion of governmental powers
o Daylight savings time and drinking age

36
Q

Submarine (U-Boat) Warfare

A

o Germany declared the entire sea around the UK a warzone
o Those who enter the zone will be attacked
o U-Boats sink ships
o Civilian or armed/supplied ships

37
Q

“The Western Front”

A
  • Fighting on the West Coast of Europe
38
Q

Sinking of the Lusitania

A
  • 1917
    o A British liner that was sunk by U-boats
    o 1000+ deaths
    o Turns public opinion in the US against Germany
    o Does not bring America into the war
39
Q

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A

o Declares that America is going to join the war
o Does not want to be associated with any side
o “Empires cause war, war causes suffering”
o Focused on America’s trade prospects

40
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A
  • (1918-9)
    o Ended WWI
    o Hands out punishments, rewards
    o Tries to set up a new world order based off of international cooperation
41
Q

League of Nations

A

o Set up after WWI

o A new world order based off of international cooperation

42
Q

Bolshevik (Russian) Revolution

A
  • 1917
  • Led to the overthrow of the Romanov Tsardom, the establishment of state-mandated Communism in Russia, and the withdrawal of Russia from the First World War
    o Led by Lenin and the Bolsheviks
    o Russia becomes socialist
43
Q

Russian Civil War

A
  • 1917-1922
    o “Reds” vs. “Whites”
    o Communists vs. Freed
    o Whites are backed by UK, USA, and France
    o Bolsheviks take control of much territory that had just declared independence
44
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A
  • 1918

- Ends the Russian Civil War

45
Q

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

A
  • Soviet Union
  • 1922
    o Soviet Russia merges with other Bolshevik states
    o 1922
    o Under Lenin
46
Q

Cultural Modernism

A

o Developments in art, science

o Ex. Einstein, Freud

47
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

o All humans are animals

o Dreams, disorder is the true reality

48
Q

Albert Einstein

A
  • Physics and Science
49
Q

Advertising Industry

A

o Advertising through radio, tv, at movie theatres becomes popular

50
Q

Radio

A

o Becomes one of the main ways for information to get to people
o A common theme was families gathering around the radio

51
Q

Film

A

o Seen as somewhat bad

o An increase of inappropriate behavior

52
Q

Great Depression

A

o Started in the banking system
o Global economy shrinks by 1/3
o Everyone is looking at their own interests
o Rushing to the bank to get their money out before everyone else
o 1929-35

53
Q

Keynesianism

A

o A response to the Great Depression
o Capitalism needs to be managed by the government
o Called for collective action

54
Q

Totalitarianism

A

o Vision for national success through authoritarianism, not individual rights
o The government controls all aspects of society using modern tools
o Suppressed free thought
o Communism and Fascism

55
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

o Used communism to an efficient, self-sufficient, classless economy
o Dictator
o The people had no power
o Secret police
o USSR became the 3rd largest world economy

56
Q

Soviet Communism

A
  • Look under “Joseph Stalin”
57
Q

Fascism

A
  • o Italy and Germany
    o A renewal of strength and unity through dictatorship
    o Keeps businesses in the country
    o A new sense of optimism and pride
58
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

o Fascist dictator of Italy
o Does not like capitalism
o Bitter about the results of WWI

59
Q

Adolf Hitler

A 
o	Nazi dictator of Germany
o	Promises to restore jobs and pride
o	New welfare programs
o	Did not like the Jews
o	Breaks all treaty agreements
60
Q

Nazi Party

A

o Rises to power in the divided democratic Weimar Empire
o 1933
o Wanted to help Germany regain ground after WWI
o Led by Adolf Hitler
o Encourages Germans to see the Jews as the common enemy

61
Q

Chaing Kai-shek

A 
- Jiang Jieshi
o	Takes power in China after WWI
o	Bans all political parties
o	Takes central control of economy and builds infrastructure and military
o	Alarms Japan
62
Q

Lebensraum

A
  • Living space
  • Hitler’s main stated aim
    o The territory that a state or nation believes is needed for its natural development
63
Q

Rape of Nanjing

A
  • 1937
    o Japanese troops against Chinese people
    o A massive murder and rape
64
Q

Anschlus

A
  • German union with Austria
    o Annexes German-speaking Czechoslovakia
    o Germany pulls out of the League of Nations
65
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A
  • Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
  • 1939
    o Non-aggression pact
    o Included a secret deal to divide Eastern Europe between them
66
Q

German Invasion of Poland

A
  • 1939
    o Along with Stalin and Russia
    o Makes Britain and France declare war with Germany
67
Q

Blitzkrieg

A
  • An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory
68
Q

Axis Powers

A
  • Germany, Austria, Italy and Japan
69
Q

Allied Powers

A
  • Soviet Union, Britain, France, China

- After 1942, US

70
Q

Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

A

o US cuts off all Japanese oil supplies
o Japan replies by bombing Pearl Harbor
o Japan seizes British Singapore, Malaysia, and many Pacific Islands
o US enters war against Japan but not Germany

71
Q

Holocaust

A
  • The murder of 6m Jews in concentration camps

- By Germans

72
Q

United Nations

A
  • The name that the allies gave themselves
  • The name of the broader organization set up by the Allies at the end of the Second World War to reconstruct and secure the post-world war world
73
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

o The only way to stop the war is to support the British Empire
o No interest in propping up the British Empire
o Pushes the Atlantic Charter upon Churchill

74
Q

Winston Churchill

A

o Uncertain about the Atlantic Charter that was proposed by Roosevelt
o Prime Minister of Great Britain

75
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A

o USSR pushes Nazis into retreat in E. Europe

o 1942-3

76
Q

D-Day/ Normandy Landings

A

o 1944

o Defeats Nazis in western Europe by US/British forces

77
Q

Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

o 1945

o Ends the US war with Japan

78
Q

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

A 
o	June 15, 1914
o	Serbian nationalists did it
o	Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire
o	In Sarajevo, Bosnia
o	Draws major European powers into the war

HIS 114 - World Civ (11 decks)

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