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HIS 114 - World Civ > Module 1 - Quiz Questions and Answers > Flashcards

Module 1 - Quiz Questions and Answers Flashcards

1
Q

Throughout the 14th century, Portuguese Christians devoted themselves to fighting who?

A
  • The Moors
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2
Q

How did the Portuguese monarchs successfully consolidate political power?

A
  • By granting Atlantic islands to nobles as lucrative hereditary possessions, ensuring the political loyalty of noble families and merchants
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3
Q

How did political consolidation/centralization commonly occur in Spain?

A
  • Through dynastic marriages
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4
Q

What was a key thing that happened during the reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?

A
  • Granada fell to Christian forces
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5
Q

Instead of relying on the church’s teachings to analyze the world, what did the artists and scholars of the renaissance turn to?

A
  • The classical texts of Greece and Rome
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6
Q

What did Niccolo Machiavelli say in The Prince?

A
  • The goal of princely rule is holding and exercising power
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7
Q

What did the Portuguese NOT do as part of their maritime expansion?

A
  • They did not create joint stock companies
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8
Q

Where were the first European sugar plantations in the Atlantic located?

A
  • The islands off of West Africa
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9
Q

What was the primary goal of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean?

A
  • To maintain the flow of trade and profit from it by extracting taxes and tributes through the use of cartazes
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10
Q

Did Christopher Columbus believe that he had discovered a new land?

A

No

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11
Q

Who ruled over the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Portugal, and their overseas possessions in 16th century Europe?

A
  • The Habsburg Family
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12
Q

What did not motivate Martin Luther to challenge the Catholic Church?

A
  • The desire for German Protestant cathedrals to rival those of Rome in their grandeur
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13
Q

What did the beliefs of Protestant thinkers like Luther and Calvin not do?

A
  • They did not prohibit the persecution of people who were suspected of being witches
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14
Q

What was the Catholic Church’s response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation?

A
  • The Counter-Reformation
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15
Q

What was the Catholic missionary organization formed during the Counter-Reformation?

A
  • The Society of Jews (Jesuits)
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16
Q

How did the Catholics NOT respond to the growth of Protestantism in Europe between the 1540’s - 1648?

A
  • They did not call for a new crusade against unbelievers
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17
Q

Why did Spain decline as a world power in the 16th century?

A
  • Bankruptcy stemming from costly European Wars
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18
Q

What is an encomienda?

A
  • A grant from the Spanish crown giving an individual control over Indian labor in exchange for payment of taxes.
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19
Q

What did the Dominican friars believe?

A
  • That the native people of America were equal to Spaniards in the eyes of God
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20
Q

What was Aztec statehood organized around?

A
  • Kinship and clan networks
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21
Q

Were the Aztecs able to mount any successful attacks against the Spaniards?

A
  • Yes; they just became too weak to succeed
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22
Q

What contributed to Spain’s successes against the Aztecs?

A
  • Disease
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23
Q

How did the Spanish crown seek to prevent the growth of a powerful colonial aristocracy in the former Inca Empire?

A
  • By ruling that encominendas would revert to the crown on the death of that holders rather than passing to the heirs
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24
Q

What contributed to the extensive population growth in Afro-Eurasia?

A
  • The introduction of American crops
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25
Q

What percentage of the Native American population did the Afro-Eurasian diseases wipe out in the 16th century?

A
  • 90%
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26
Q

What areas produced the bulk of the sugar that fueled global commerce in the 16th century?

A
  • Mesoamerica and the Andes
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27
Q

Who were Peninsulars?

A
  • People who were born in Spain or Portugal who were living in the American colonies
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28
Q

What does the word “Islam” mean?

A
  • Submission to God
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29
Q

Who do Muslims believe some of the prophets sent by God were?

A
  • Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
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30
Q

Is Jihad one of the “five pillars”?

A
  • No
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31
Q

What is the Shahadah ?

A
  • What Muslim’s have to say three times to signify their conversion to the religion
32
Q

What can jihad mean?

A
  • Struggle or effort
33
Q

What does hijab mean?

A
  • The practice of maintaining modesty
34
Q

Who was Abraham?

A
  • The founding figure of Islam who was known and befriended by God
35
Q

Where was Mohammed born?

A
  • Mecca
36
Q

How did Mohammed gain his knowledge?

A
  • By meditating in a cave and having the angel Gabriel have him recite words
37
Q

How did Islam spread after the death of Mohammad ?

A
  • By the unity and inspiration of the Arabs
38
Q

What significance does the Kaba have?

A
  • It is believed to be the place where Abraham established a shrine to God
39
Q

How many times are Muslims required to do the hajj?

A
  • At least once in their lifetime
40
Q

How does one circle the hajj?

A
  • 7 times counter-clockwise
41
Q

How many people practice Hinduism?

A
  • 900 million
42
Q

What two countries contain the hub of Hinduism ?

A
  • Nepal and India
43
Q

What is Hinduism?

A
  • A very complex religion of religious practices without any central guiding control
44
Q

Where does the term “Hindu” come from?

A
  • The river Sindh near northern India
45
Q

When was the first time the term “Hinduism” was applied?

A
  • In the 19th century by the British
46
Q

What body of texts do most Hindus follow?

A
  • The veda
47
Q

What is Dhrama?

A
  • The power which upholds religion and society
48
Q

What do most Hindus believe in?

A
  • A supreme God whose character is manifested in many dieties
49
Q

Who is Vishnu to the Hindus?

A
  • He became incarnate on earth to restore peace and prosperity, and in one famous story, defeats the demons and receives immortality
50
Q

What is central to Hindu worship?

A
  • The Icon
51
Q

What happens to the fake gods after the Durga Purja festival?

A
  • They are thrown back into the river wence they came
52
Q

Where did Buddhism first arise?

A
  • Modern day India
53
Q

Is Buddhism older than Christianity?

A
  • Yes
54
Q

How many Buddhists are there worldwide?

A
  • 376 million
55
Q

What is the main Buddhist view of life?

A
  • One of suffering and uncertainty
56
Q

Why do Buddhists believe that life is endless?

A
  • Because our soul is reincarnated and lives again
57
Q

Who was the founder of Buddhism?

A
  • Siddhartha Gautama
58
Q

What did Buddha find?

A
  • Enlightenment
59
Q

Even though Buddhists believe that God created the world, they do not believe that…

A
  • They must work hard to please him in life eternal
60
Q

What is karma?

A
  • The belief that past actions continue to have consequences - even in our future lives
61
Q

What five elements do Buddhist temples reflect?

A
  • Earth, water, fire, air, and wisdom
62
Q

What is a mantra?

A
  • One of the acts of worship Buddhists undertake; a recital of a short phrase
63
Q

How do monks achieve good karma?

A
  • By loving God, praying to him, and following the religious texts
64
Q

What does the monastery help young men with?

A
  • It helps young people ready for playing a part in family and society
65
Q

What does suffering come from in Buddhism ?

A
  • Desire and lust
66
Q

What were the three new dynasties that dominated the much of the Islamic world at the beginning of the 16th century?

A
  • Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal
67
Q

What was the Safavid dynasty adherent of?

A
  • Shiism
68
Q

What Christian empire did the Ottoman Empire conquer and absorb much of ?

A
  • The Byzantine Empire
69
Q

Under whose reign did Ottoman territorial expansion culminate?

A
  • Suleiman
70
Q

Which of the dynasties was the most single-mindedly religious?

A
  • The Safavid Dynasty
71
Q

What did the development of the Ottoman code of administrative law encourage?

A
  • Cultural unity in the empire by providing a comprehensive, well-understood system of law that bridged differences among the many different social, religious and legal traditions of people who lived under the Ottomans rule
72
Q

What was Safavid culture a mixture of?

A
  • Shitte Islam and Persian culture
73
Q

How did the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb signal a movement away from the empire’s tradition of religious openness?

A
  • He ordered that all recently constructed non-Islamic places of worship be torn down
74
Q

Who expanded the Mughal control over much of the Indian subcontinent ?

A
  • Akbar
75
Q

During the 16th century, what did increased global and local commerce allow Mughal rulers to do?

A
  • It allowed them to reform their administration and increase their flow of revenue

HIS 114 - World Civ (11 decks)

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