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HIS 114 - World Civ > Module 1 - Study Guide Terms > Flashcards

Module 1 - Study Guide Terms Flashcards

1
Q

State

A
  • A community of people living under a common legal and governmental system, with some defined boundaries (boarders) and independence from other “states”
  • Reports to no one above it
  • Can declare war against other states
  • Ex. Canada, China
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2
Q

Empire

A
  • Multiple states and/or people groups ruled by one dominant state or authority
  • First: Neo-Assyrian
  • Most common way of organizing power
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3
Q

Eurasia/ Afro Eurasia

A
  • The term continent is so we can understand land masses
  • Afro-Eurasia: Asia, Africa, Europe
  • The Americas: self-explanatory
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4
Q

Mongol Empire

A
  • Encouraged large trade between East and West Asia and Europe
  • Growing thanks to Genghis Khan who encourages renovating the Great Silk Road
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5
Q

Black Death/Bubonic Plague

A
  • 1350s
  • Kills 1/3 - 1/2 of the world’s population
  • Destroys or weakens most of the world powers
  • Gives the illusion of a weak world
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6
Q

Vasco de Gama

A
  • Follows Dias’ route around Africa
  • Gets all the way to India
  • Uses the Waldseemuller Map; the first map to name America
  • Gives Portugal a direct route to the Indian Ocean
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7
Q

Christopher Columbas

A
  • Tries to go to India for rebirth after the Black Death
  • Not the first person who thought about going west; it was just that no one had the boats
  • Ferdinand and Isabella fund
  • A pretty bad plan from the start
  • Finds Hispaniola which he thinks is “China” ; eventually gets corrected
  • Went back and forth 4 times
  • Used compass, astrolabe, etc.
  • Starts integration and trade connections in the New World
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8
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A
  • Circumnavigation of the globe and the start of Pacific integration
  • Portuguese explorer from Spain
  • Died in the Phillipines
  • Started the unity of the world
  • Goal: control the oceans
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9
Q

Colombian Exchange

A
  • The diffusion of old and new world crops, animals and disease between Americas and Afro-Eurasia
  • Globalization
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10
Q

Indian Ocean Zone

A
  • The largest trading zone of old times

- China and India had the most people and the largest trade routes

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11
Q

Renaissance

A
  • Rebirth or reform
  • A reaction to the Black Death
  • The church had let them down and was responsible for the Black Death
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12
Q

Classical (ie. Greek and Roman) Civilization

A
  • Renaissance was actually a rebirth of this era
  • Models of fun and humanity with authority and dominion
    Ex. Michelangelo Adam and God picture -> shows that man is as “big and buff” as God
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13
Q

William Shakespeare

A
  • Wrote music using the Renaissance style
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14
Q

Nicalo Machiavelli

A
  • Politics is a “craft” and an “art”
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15
Q

Nicalo Machiavelli

A
  • Politics is a “craft” and an “art”
  • The king is like a craftsman
  • “The Prince”
  • Ends justify the means
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16
Q

Centralized States

A
  • Bring the land, tax, law, and military into one unified, organized system of central government control
  • Kings want their kingdoms to flourish
  • Strength, diplomacy, modernism
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17
Q

Gunpowder

A
  • Military upgrade
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18
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile-Aragon

A
  • Fund Christopher Columbas’ journey

- Their marriage unites Aragon and Castillo

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19
Q

Habsburg Monarchy/ Habsburg Empire

A
  • Attempted to create a European-wide empire by clever marriage policies
  • Charles the Great helped grow this empire, but doesn’t last long after his death
  • France, England, and Netherlands resisted
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20
Q

Reconquista

A
  • A religious and political movement
  • Mainly in Spain
  • Not the Reformation
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21
Q

(Roman) Catholicism

A
  • The Roman Empire converted to Christianity in the 4th century
  • Split in half during the Reformation
  • Salvation is given piece by piece not all at once
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22
Q

Pope

A
  • “Overseer”
  • Papa
  • Leader of the Catholic church
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23
Q

Protestantism

A
  • Want to reform the church, not overthrow it

- Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans

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24
Q

Martin Luther

A
  • German monk tormented by failure
  • Protests indulgences with 95 thesis
  • Salvation is a one-time thing
  • Translates the Bible into German
  • The founder of the Reformation
  • Charles V protects Luther from the Duke of Saxon
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25
Q

John Calvin

A
  • Believes the church needs to reform all practices and worship
  • Wants to purify the church
  • Starts Calvinism which is popular in Switzerland, France,and England
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26
Q

Henry VIII of England

A
  • Ditches the pope and takes over the wealth and the church in his kingdom for himself
  • Decides that he should be the pope
  • Centralization
  • What happens in most Protestant places
27
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A
  • Charles V wants to take them down
  • The Habsburgs
  • Almost everyone wants to defeat them
  • But this is whats worked for them
28
Q

Wars of Religion

A
  • 1550 - 1650
  • Protestant vs. Catholic
  • 1/3 Europe dies
29
Q

Aztec (Mexican) Empire

A
  • 25m people
  • Tenochtitlan: the capital of the Aztec empire; one of the largest cities in the world
  • In Mexico
  • Not very connected with one another -> lots of fighting -> sacrifice
30
Q

Inca Empire

A
  • In the Andes mountains in Peru

- Surprised the Europeans with their size and architecture

31
Q

Conquistadors

A
  • The name for Spanish explorers
  • Basically illegal immigrants
  • Begins with the Portuguese in the Atlantic islands
  • Spanish conquerors
32
Q

Smallpox Epidemic

A
  • Contributes to death of 80% of Indo-American nations
  • They have no immunity to these diseases
  • The conquistador’s greatest weapon
33
Q

Hernan Cortez

A
  • Conquered the Aztec empire in the 1520s
  • Cuba
  • Captures that really big T name city
34
Q

Montezuma II

A
  • The ruler of the Aztecs at the time of Cortez’s conquest
35
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A
  • Captured the Inca empire
  • Advanced weaponry helped
  • Divisions in Inca community
36
Q

Brazil (Portuguese Colony)

A
  • The Portuguese technically had Brazil because of the boundaries they agreed not to cross, Brazil was still in it
37
Q

Mestizo

A
  • Mixed peoples

- When European men had kids with native women

38
Q

The Prophet Mohammad (7th century)

A
  • The leader of the Muslim religion
  • Had the religious texts spoken to him by Gabriel
  • Born in Mecca
39
Q

Abrahamic Religion

A
  • The shared religions of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

- Focuses on their monotheistic faith

40
Q

Monotheistic Faith

A
  • Faith in one God

- Shared between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

41
Q

Shi’a Islam

A
  • Leader of Islamic community should be the faithful guardian
  • 85% of Muslims
  • Means majority or community
  • Want to keep themselves pure
42
Q

Shi’a Islam

A
  • Believe that God chose Mohammad
  • Next follower should be his relation
  • Believe there has been 12 leaders
43
Q

Sunni Islam

A

Leader of Islamic community should be the faithful guardian

  • 85% of Muslims
  • Means majority or community
  • Want to keep themselves pure
44
Q

Arab Conquests

A
  • Many N. African and SW Asian countries
  • Spreads out from Mecca
  • Abbasid Empire: Baghdad
  • Continues and continues to spread
45
Q

Turks (Ethnic Group)

A
  • Dominant in E/central Asia
  • Many convert to Islam
  • Seljuk Turks Attack the giant Byzantine Empire
  • Take over Jerusalem
46
Q

Byzantine Empire

A
  • Attacked by the Turks
  • The “Eastern Roman” Empire
  • Constantine is the emperor
  • HQ is in Rome then Constantinople
  • 1250 -> Muslims ruin it -> then Black Death
47
Q

Ottoman Empire

A
  • The first great empire
  • Sunni Islam
  • Very powerful and known for conquering
  • Rule over 30m people
  • The House of Osman
48
Q

Ottoman Capture of Constantinople (1453)

A
  • Fall of the Christian Byzantine Empire
  • Mehemed II
  • Inherited east-west trade routes
  • Reunited N. Africa/W. Africa /W. Mediterranean -> “new Roman empire”
49
Q

Suleyman the Magnificent

A
  • Developed a law code
  • Built memorial architecture
  • A sultan
  • Tolerated other religions
  • People would rather live under him than the pope
  • Gunpowder, expansion of centralized power, military might
50
Q

Saffavid Empire

A
  • Second great empire
  • Started in Persia -> now Iran
  • Started by Turkish groups
  • Convert from Sunni to Shi’a -> Ismail I -> “related” to Muhammad
51
Q

Persia

A
  • Where the Saffavid empire began
  • Modern day Iran
  • Started by Abbas I
  • Architecture looked like a peacock
52
Q

Shah Abbas the Great

A
  • Helped grow the Saffavid empire in Persia
  • Most famous leader of Saffavid
  • Brought back Persia as Muslim
  • Converts them to Shi’a
  • Better relations in area
  • Feels as if he was chosen by God
  • Revival of Romans vs. Persians
53
Q

Mughal Empire

A
  • The third great empire
  • Sunni Islam
  • A branch of the Mongol Empire
  • Power vacuum north of India
  • Babar claims to be a descendant of Genghis Khan
  • Almost fails, but Akbar revives
54
Q

Akbar the Great

A
  • The grandson of Babur
  • Religious tolerance and dicersity
  • Revenue from India (textiles and trade)
  • Taj Mahal
  • Most united India has ever been
55
Q

Hinduism

A
  • Main religion of India and Nepal
  • Oldest living religion
  • No single founder, Scripture, or teaching
  • Named after river complex
  • Reincarnation
  • Vishnu: preserver and protector
56
Q

Buddhism

A
  • Spiritual
  • Nirvana
  • Change is always possible
  • Enlightenment
  • Karma
  • From modern day India
  • Older than Christianity
  • Siddhartha Gautama
57
Q

Confucianism

A
  • Official Ideology
  • Confucius
  • Stability, order, community, wisdom
  • Center of the Chinese empire
58
Q

Ming Dynasty

A
  • Zhu Yuanzhang -> first ruler
  • One of the quickest rebirths after the Black Death
  • Rebuild China -> the Great Wall
  • Much of China today is a direct result
  • Capital moved to Beijing
59
Q

Zheng He

A
  • The Chinese Christopher Columbus
  • Get the Indian Ocean trade for themselves
  • Voyages halted; northern boarder more important
  • Tributary Empire
60
Q

Forbidden City

A
  • Power
  • Stability
  • Tiered palace in China
  • Signified expansion and growth
61
Q

Scholar - Bureaucrats

A
  • Second-highest rank in China
  • Below the emperor
  • Extremely smart
  • Took 3-4 day exams
  • The wise should rule
62
Q

Eunuchs

A
  • Seen as great servants
  • Got to work right with the emperor
  • No family ties, no reason to kill the emperor
63
Q

Tribute System

A
  • China
  • A tributary empire
  • Looking to establish political dominance
  • Recognized as powerful and supreme

HIS 114 - World Civ (11 decks)

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