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ANAT 100 > Module 5 (Spinal cord) > Flashcards

Module 5 (Spinal cord) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the spinal cord located and what is it supported by

A

In the vertebral canal supported by the vertebral column

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2
Q

How do are messages transmitted between the CNS and PNS

A

Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord to supply sensory and motor innervations to regions close to the level of exit

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2
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin

A

At the foramen magnum of the occipital lobe and extends inferiorly to the level of L2

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2
Q

Function of the spinal cord

A

Facilitates communication between the CNS and PNS through the spinal nerves

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2
Q

What is the level of L2 known as

A

Conus medullaris

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2
Q

Inferior to L2, the axons emerging from the spinal cord are known as what

A

Cauda equina

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3
Q

Within the cauda equina, a small thin strand of pia mater is known as what

A

Filum terminale

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4
Q

What does filum terminale do

A

Anchors the spinal cord to the scrum and coccyx

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5
Q

Regions of the spinal cord

A

Same names as the regions of the vertebral column

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6
Q

Where is the spinal cord enlarged

A

At the cervical and lumbar levels

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7
Q

Why do enlargements of the spinal cord occur

A

Because of the additional nerves existing in the spinal cord that supply the limbs

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8
Q

What is a spinal cord injury (SCI)

A

Occurs when the spinal cord is damaged such that signals between the brains and PNS have difficulty communicating

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9
Q

Which functions will suffer some degree of impairment below the point of injury (SCI)

A

Motor deficit
Sensory deficit
Bowel and bladder dysfunction
Respiratory difficulties

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10
Q

Where do C-level injuries occur

A

The cervical region of the spine

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11
Q

C1-C3 injuries

A

Limited movement of head and neck
Paralysis below that region
Difficulty talking
Require a ventilator to breath

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12
Q

C3-C4 injuries

A

Have head and neck movement
Limited shoulder movement
Typically able to walk
Can adjust to breathing without a ventilator

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13
Q

C5 injuries

A

have head, neck, and shoulder control
Can bend elbows and rotate hands
Self care is manageable
Can push wheelchair
Driving is frequently possible with aid

14
Q

C6 injuries

A

Movement of the head, neck, shoulder, arms and wrists
Can bend elbows, extend the wrist, and rotate the palms
Can perform most self care duties, light housekeeping
Can manage a manual wheelchair

15
Q

C7 injuries

A

Similar abilities to C6, but can manage more easily

16
Q

Where do T-level injuries occur

A

In the thoracic region of the spine

17
Q

C8-T1 injuries

A

Use of head, neck, shoulder, arms, hands, and fingers
Able to live alone

18
Q

T2-T6 injuries

A

Normal functioning upper body
Some degree of impairment in legs
Can walk with assistive devices

19
Q

T7-T12 injuries

A

Similar function to T2-T6 with slightly more control

20
Q

Where do L-level injuries occur

A

In the lumbar region of the spine

21
Q

L-level injuries

A

Some ability to move the hips and knee
Walking is often possible with assistive devices

22
Q

Support and protection of the spinal cord

A

Similar to the brain
Surrounded by protective layers of meninges

23
Q

Order of meninges in the spinal cord

A

Same as the brain
Pia mater being the most deep
Dura mater being the most superficial

24
Q

Dura mater

A

Consists of one layer, between the external surface of the dura mater and the bone is fat-filled epidural space

25
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Deep to the dura mater
Between the arachnoid and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which is continuous with the subarachnoid space of the brain, and contains CSF

26
Q

Pia mater

A

Deep to the arachnoid mater, directly attached to the spinal cord

27
Q

Internal topography of the spinal cord

A

Inner grey matter and outer white matter

28
Q

What is grey matter composed of

A

Dendrites, neuron cell bodies, glial cells, and unmyelinated axons

29
Q

What is white matter composed of

A

Myelinated axons

30
Q

Where is grey matter of the spinal cord located

A

Inside the spinal cord

31
Q

What does grey matter consist of

A

Ventral and dorsal horn

31
Q

What does the ventral horn do

A

Carries motor information

32
Q

What does the dorsal horn do

A

Carries sensory information

33
Q

What is between the anterior and posterior horns

A

Lateral/intermediate horn

34
Q

Does does the lateral/intermediate horn do

A

Carries information from the sympathetic NS

35
Q

Where is white matter of the spinal cord found

A

Lines the outside of the grey matter of the spinal cord

36
Q

What does white matter consist of

A

Tracts of fibres separated into anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi (bundles)

ANAT 100 (16 decks)

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