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ANAT 100 > Module 1 (Connective Tissue) > Flashcards

Module 1 (Connective Tissue) Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most widespread and abundant type of tissue in the human body
Most diverse among the 4 types of tissues

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2
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Support and protection
Structural framework
Exchange of nutrients and metabolic waste
Storage and repair
Defense

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3
Q

Support and protection

A

The bones of the skull protect the brain
Kidneys are surrounded by fat padding

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4
Q

Structural framework for the body

A

Cartilage supports body structures such as the trachea, ears and nose
Bones of the skeleton provide framework for skeletal muscles

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5
Q

Medium for exchange of nutrients and metabolic waste

A

Blood serves as a medium that carries gases, nutrients, wast, and blood cells to different parts of the body

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6
Q

Storage and repair

A

Bones store minerals such as calcium
Fat serves as a major energy reservoir for the body

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7
Q

Defense

A

Connective tissue acts as a physical barrier, through white blood cells and antibody production

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8
Q

Cells of connective tissue

A

Many different kinds of cells can be found in CTs

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9
Q

Diversity of cells in CTs

A

In some CTs, there is a large diversity of cell types, in others, diversity is low

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10
Q

Fixed and wandering cells in CT

A

Some cells are fixed (permanent residents) others are wandering (migrants who have entered the CT from blood in response to specific stimuli)

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11
Q

Three types of fibres secreted by fibroblasts

A

Collagen fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers

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12
Q

What are fibres made up of

A

Formed by proteins made of long peptide chains
Different components and proportions of fibre types lead to diverse functions

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13
Q

Ground substances

A

Occupy space between the cells and fibres of CT

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14
Q

Characteristics of ground substances

A

High water content, transparent, colourless, and viscous

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15
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper
Supporting connective tissue

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16
Q

Two types of connective tissue proper

A

Loose CT and Dense CT

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17
Q

Two types of supporting connective tissue

A

Bone and cartilage

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18
Q

Loose CT

A

Has more ground substance with few CT fibres

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19
Q

Example of loose CT

A

Adipose tissue (fat cells)

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20
Q

Characteristics of adipose tissue

A

Specialized type of loose CT where fat cells account for most of its volume

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21
Q

Functions of adipose tissue

A

Acts as a padding, insulates against heat loss through skin, serves as packing or filler around and between structures

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22
Q

Dense CT

A

Less ground substance with more CT fibres

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23
Q

Example of dense CT

A

Elastic tissue

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24
Q

Characteristics of elastic tissue

A

Specialized type of dense CT composed of bundles of thick parallel elastic fibres between which we find some collagen and fibroblasts
Has the ability to stretch and recoil

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25
Q

Bone

A

Important structural tissue that forms the framework of the body

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26
Q

Functions of bone

A

Support
Locomotion
Protection
Blood cell production
Mineral metabolism

27
Q

Cartilage

A

Structural component of the body

28
Q

Characteristic of cartilage

A

Firm tissue, softer and more flexible than bone

29
Q

Where is cartilage found

A

Joints between moveable bones
Between the vertebrae in the spine
Ears and nose
Bronchial tubes or airways

30
Q

Specialized (fluid) connective tissues

A

Blood and lymph

31
Q

Blood

A

Fluid within blood vessels and the heart
Performs a number of essential functions

32
Q

Lymph

A

Interstitial fluid that is collected into thin-walled lymphatic vessels and transported to the cardiovascular system

33
Q

What is interstitial fluid

A

Fluid that bathes cells

34
Q

Range of consistency of CT

A

Ranges from gel-like softness of areolar CT to the hardness of bone

35
Q

Types of CT

A

Losse CT
Dense regular CT
Dense irregular CT

36
Q

Components of CT

A

Exists in a number of forms but all types have 3 basic structural elements
Cells
Fibers
Ground substance (Intercellular substance)

37
Q

Fibers of CT

A

Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

38
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Most common fiber type
Flexible fibers with a high tensile strength

39
Q

Appearance of collagen fibers

A

Microscopic structure of collagen fiber appears similar to rope

40
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Thin fibers that from a branching interwoven network with no common alignment

41
Q

Appearance of reticular fibers

A

Thinnest of the 3

42
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Thick and branched, have rubber-like material that is able to stretch

43
Q

Appearance of elastic fibers

A

Appear wavy or curly

44
Q

What is the bone composed of

A

1/3 organic
2/3 inorganic

45
Q

What do organic components include

A

Cells, fibers, and ground substance

46
Q

What do inorganic components include

A

Minerals and salt which provide rigidity of the bone

47
Q

What are osteons

A

Structured pattern of repeating cylindrical structures that make up the bone

48
Q

What is each osteon made of

A

Concentric rings with a hollow central canal
Also called the Haversian canal

49
Q

Where are the cellular components of bone located

A

Between concentric rings

50
Q

Components of cartilage

A

Cells
Fibers
Ground substance

51
Q

What are the cells of cartilage primarily

A

Chondrocytes, which are located throughout the ground substance in small spaces call lacunae

52
Q

What is lacunae

A

Small spaces in cartilage that house one or more chondrocytes

53
Q

Fibers of cartilage

A

Can include various collagen or elastic fibers scattered throughout

54
Q

Ground substance of cartilage

A

A firm gel that makes cartilage solid

55
Q

Additional components of cartilage

A

Perichondrium and lacunae

56
Q

What is perichondrium

A

Dense irregular CT that envelopes cartilage to provide nutrients to the cartilage

57
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

58
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage

A

Hyaline

59
Q

Anatomical characteristics of hyaline cartilage

A

Wear-resistant tissue that is designed to bear and distribute weight
Strong, rubbery, and flexible tissue

60
Q

Location of hyaline cartilage

A

Joint surface of moveable joints
Walls of the nose, trachea, bronchi, and ribs

61
Q

Anatomical characteristics of fibrocartilage

A

Tough and inflexible
Durable and resistant to compression

62
Q

Location of fibrocartilage

A

Intervertebral discs and symphysis pubis

63
Q

Anatomical characteristics of elastic cartilage

A

More flexible than hyaline cartilage

64
Q

Location of elastic cartilage

A

External ear, eustachian tube (connects ear to nose), and epiglottis (barrier to trachea during swallowing food or drink)

ANAT 100 (16 decks)

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