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ANAT 100 > Module 3 (Skeletal Muscles) > Flashcards

Module 3 (Skeletal Muscles) Flashcards

1
Q

What is each skeletal muscle composed of

A

Skeletal muscle tissue, epithelial, connective and nervous tissue

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2
Q

Functions of skeletal muscles

A

Contracts to move parts of the body
Maintain posture and stabilizes joints
Control excretion and swallowing
Produce heat
Support and protect internal organs

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3
Q

What happens when skeletal muscles attach to 2 bones across a joint

A

When contracted, the muscle brings parts of those bones closer together

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4
Q

Organization of skeletal muscle tissue

A

Consists of muscle tissue and CT
CT surrounds the muscle and attaches the ends of each muscle to bone

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of CT

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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6
Q

What is epimysium

A

Outermost layer of CT that surround the entire muscle and is continuous with the tissue that becomes the tendon

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7
Q

What is perimysium

A

Middle layer of CT surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers within a muscle

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8
Q

What is a bundle of muscle fibers called

A

Fascicle

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9
Q

What is endomysium

A

Innermost layer of CT that surrounds the individual muscle cells within a muscle bundle

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10
Q

Features of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma
Nuclei
Myofibril
Myofilaments
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-Tubules (transverse tubules)

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11
Q

What is sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane surrounding a muscle cell

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12
Q

How is sarcolemma different from endomysium

A

Beneath the sarcolemma are the nuclei, myofibrils, and sarcoplasm

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13
Q

Nuclei of muscle cells

A

Multinucleated and located towards the outside of the myofiber

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14
Q

What is myofibril

A

Structural units of the muscle cell and contain contractile myofilaments

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15
Q

What are myofilaments

A

Contractile units of the muscle cell

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16
Q

What is sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Surrounds each myofibril and is where the muscle cell stores calcium
Needed for muscle function

17
Q

What are T-Tubules (Transverse tubules)

A

Extensions of the sarcolemma that surround the myofibrils and transmit nerve stimulation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum within the cell

18
Q

Organization of myofilaments

A

Organized into repeating structural units knows as sarcomeres

19
Q

What happens sarcomeres shorten

A

It causes contraction of the muscle

20
Q

What does each unit consist of

A

Actin and mysoin and one sarcomere spans from one z-line to the next

21
Q

What is actin and myosin

A

Thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments

22
Q

What is sarcomere banding

A

Refers to the distinct lines and bands that create the striated appearance
Due to the arrangement of actin and myosin

23
Q

What is the A-band

A

Made up of think and thin filaments
Appears darker when viewed histologically

24
Q

What is the Z-line

A

Composed of protein that makes a “zig-zag” line marking the beginning and end of each sarcomere

25
Q

Where can the Z-line be found

A

Lies in the middle of the I-band and is where the thin filaments attach

26
Q

What is the M-line

A

Composed of protein down the centre of the sarcomere “mid-line” and where thick filaments attach

27
Q

What is the I-band

A

Made up of thin filaments and appears lighter in colour

28
Q

How do muscles contract

A

Actin and myosin filaments slide over each other, which shortens the sarcomere
This increases muscle tension

29
Q

Why do sarcomere appear to have light and dark bands

A

Because of the overlap of thick and thin filaments

30
Q

Why is the I-band light in colour

A

It is only area that consists thin filaments

31
Q

Why is the Z-line dark in colour

A

It contains an abundance of structural proteins

32
Q

Why is the A-band dark in colour

A

It consists of thick filaments and is even darker towards the sides because it overlaps with thin filaments

33
Q

How is the M-line similar to the Z-line

A

It also has an abundance of structural proteins that create a dark line

34
Q

Organization of skeletal muscles

A

The muscles of the body are generally organized as being superficial, intermediate, or deep

ANAT 100 (16 decks)

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