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ANAT 100 > Module 2 (Bones of the Axial Skeleton) > Flashcards

Module 2 (Bones of the Axial Skeleton) Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does the skull have and what are the 2 sets of bones make up the skull

A

22 bones
Cranial bones and Sutures

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2
Q

What bones make up the cranium

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid

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3
Q

Frontal bone

A

Single bone, forms the forehead and roof of orbits (eye sockets)

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4
Q

Parietal bones

A

Paired, form superior and lateral surfaces of skull

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5
Q

Temporal bones

A

Paired, form lateral and inferior walls of skull

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6
Q

3 landmarks of temporal bones

A

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
External auditory meatus
Mastoid process

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7
Q

Occipital bone

A

Single, forms posterior wall and base of skull

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8
Q

What articulates with the first bone of the neck

A

Condyles

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9
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Single, known as the “keystone” of skull as it joins cranium and facial bones by attaching with almost every other bone of the skull

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10
Q

What are sutures

A

Attachments or articulations between the flat bones of the skull

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11
Q

What are the 4 sutures

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous

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12
Q

Coronal

A

Junction between frontal and parietal bones

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13
Q

Sagittal

A

Junction between parietal bones

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14
Q

Lambdoid

A

Junction between occipital and parietal bones

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15
Q

Squamous

A

Junction between temporal and parietal bones

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16
Q

What is the cranial vault

A

Dome-shaped bony roof of skull that encases the brain
Sometimes called skullcap

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17
Q

What is the cranial base

A

Floor of the cranium and consists of 3 fossae

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18
Q

What is a fossa

A

Depression in a bone

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19
Q

3 fossae in the cranial base

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

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20
Q

What are the facial bones of the skull

A

Maxillary bones (maxillae)
Nasal bones
Zygomatic bones
Mandible

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21
Q

Maxillary bones

A

Paired, upper jaw bones

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22
Q

Nasal bones

A

Paired, articulate with frontal bone, form bridge of nose

23
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Paired, form the cheekbones

24
Q

Feature of the zygomatic bones

A

Temporal process, which articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch

25
Q

Mandible

A

Single, forms the lower jaw

26
Q

What are the 3 landmarks of the mandible

A

Ramus
Body
Angle

27
Q

How many bones make up the vertebral column

A

24 vertebrae
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

28
Q

Divisions of the vertebral column

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5
Coccyx - 4

29
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Posterior, extends into the spinous and transverse processes

30
Q

Which vertebral process extends posteriorly

A

Spinous process

31
Q

Which vertebral process extends laterally

A

Transverse process

32
Q

What is the vertebral foramen

A

Canal that houses the spinal cord
All vertebral foramina stack together to form the vertebral canal

33
Q

What are atypical vertebrae

A

C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis)
First and second cervical vertebrae

34
Q

C1

A

Two features that are important for articulation with other bones

35
Q

What are the two features of C1

A

Anterior arch - provides surface for articulation with the dens on C2
Lateral masses - provide surfaces for articulation with occipital condyles

36
Q

C2

A

Main feature is the dens which rests within the anterior arch of C1

37
Q

Movement of C1

A

Skull rests on top of lateral masses of C1 via the occipital condyles
Allows for “yes” movement

38
Q

Movement of C2

A

Underneath C1, the dens of C2 articulates with the anterior arch of C1
Allows for “no” movement

39
Q

Vertebral articulations

A

Individual vertebrae articulate to stack on top of one another

40
Q

What are intervertebral discs

A

Act as shock absorber and is located between two vertebrae

41
Q

What type of cartilage is in between vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage - tough and inflexible

42
Q

What is intervertebral foramina

A

Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae that allow for the passage of spinal nerves

43
Q

Sacrum

A

Fusion of 5 vertebrae

44
Q

Coccyx

A

Fusion of 3 to 5 vertebrae, usually only 4

45
Q

What are true ribs

A

1-7
Each rib articulates directly with the sternum

46
Q

What are false ribs

A

8-10
Do not have direct articulation with sternum
They join rib 7 to indirectly join with the sternum

47
Q

What are floating ribs

A

11-12
Have no articulation with the sternum

48
Q

Structure of a typical rib

A

Long, flat, and twisted
Consists of a head, neck, tubercle, shaft (body), and angle

49
Q

Feature of the shaft of the rib

A

Has a sharp inferior border which is grooved
Called costal groove

50
Q

How do the ribs connect with the vertebrae

A

The head of the rib articulates with the bodies of two thoracic vertebrae
The tubercle of the rib has a facet for articulation with the transverse process of one vertebrae

51
Q

What is the sternum and its 3 parts

A

Makes up anterior portion of the thoracic cage
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

52
Q

What is the thoracic cage and its function

A

Made up of the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, ribs laterally, and sternum anteriorly
House and protects the lungs

53
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine, forming an “S” shape of the vertebral column

54
Q

Issues with scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature places the thoracic vertebrae in a atypical position
Causes abnormal development and placement of ribs and thoracic cavity
Can compress the lungs, causing breathing problems

ANAT 100 (16 decks)

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