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ANAT 100 > Module 1 (Epithelium) > Flashcards

Module 1 (Epithelium) Flashcards

1
Q

What is epithelium

A

Basic tissue composed of closely apposed cells with little to no intervening intercellular substance

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2
Q

What are the two types of epithelium

A

Covering and glandular

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3
Q

What is covering epithelium

A

Cells that cover the external and internal surfaces

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4
Q

What is glandular epithelium

A

Cells that produce and secrete hormones

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5
Q

What is cellularity

A

Adjacent epithelial cells joined by specialized surfaces

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of junctions

A

Tight junctions, adhering junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

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7
Q

What is polarity

A

When an epithelial cell has an exposed surface that faces the exterior of the body or internal space
A basal surface where it is attached to the underlying tissue

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8
Q

What is attachment

A

Epithelial cells rest on and are attached to the basal lamina (basement membrane)

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9
Q

What is avascularity

A

Epithelial tissues have no direct blood supply so they receive nutrients from the blood vessels in the underlying tissue

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10
Q

What is regeneration

A

When epithelial cells are renewed continuously

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11
Q

What are the functions of epithelium

A

Support and protection
Permeability
Sensation
Secretion

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12
Q

Support and protection

A

Covers and lines external and internal surfaces of the body protecting underlying tissue from injury, pathogens and dehydration

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13
Q

Permeability

A

Allows for substances to be absorbed into the body

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14
Q

Sensation

A

Some cells contain specialized cells that detect sensory stimuli

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15
Q

Secretion

A

Some cells are specialized to secrete specific substances (skin secretes lubrications oil)

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16
Q

Two ways cells can be organized

A

Simple or stratified

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17
Q

How many cell layers do simple cells have

A

One

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18
Q

How many cell layers do stratified cells have

A

Two or more
Only the deepest layer is in contact with the basal lamina

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19
Q

What are the three cell shapes

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

20
Q

Characteristics of squamous

A

Flat (thin), wide, somewhat irregularly shaped

21
Q

Characteristics of cuboidal

A

About the same size on all sides, the nucleus is centrally located

22
Q

Characteristics of columnar

A

Taller than they are wide, nucleus is oval and located in the basal region of cell

23
Q

Simple squamous

A

Single layer of flattened cells

24
Q

Where can simple squamous be found

A

In the lining of blood vessels

25
Q

Why should blood vessels have a thin barrier

A

They transport materials to and from cells and the thin barrier allows for rapid exchange

26
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Single layer of cube cells

27
Q

Where can simple cuboidal cells be found

A

In the lining of some glands

28
Q

Simple columnar

A

Single layer of column shaped cells

29
Q

Where can simple columnar cells be found

A

In the lining of the gastrointestinal tract

30
Q

Why is it useful for cells to be simple columnar in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Allows for rapid secretion or absorption of material

31
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Multiple layers of flat cells

32
Q

Where can stratified squamous cells be found

A

The most superficial layer of skin to protect deeper structures from abrasion and damage

33
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Multiple layers of cube shaped cells

34
Q

Where are stratified cuboidal cells found

A

In some ducts of glands

35
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal cells

A

Secretion, protection, and strengthening the walls of ducts

36
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Multiple layers of column shaped cells

37
Q

Where can stratified columnar cells be found

A

Rare in the human body but can be found in male urethra

38
Q

Functions of stratified columnar cells

A

Protection and secretion

39
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Multiple layers of epithelial cells that allow for stretching

40
Q

Shape of transitional epithelium

A

Vary in shape, depending on whether the tissue is stretched or relaxed

41
Q

Where can transitional epithelium be found

A

Lines the ureters and proximal end of the urethra (near the bladder)

42
Q

What happens to transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder

A

Able to change shapes as urine accumulates in the bladder

43
Q

Pseudostratified (ciliated columnar)

A

Single layer of cells and has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelium

44
Q

What does the cilia on the surface of pseudostratified epithelium help with

A

Helps to move mucous

45
Q

Where can pseudostratified epithelium be found

A

Throughout most of the respiratory tract

ANAT 100 (16 decks)

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