Module 2 (Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton) Flashcards
What is the pectoral girdle
Connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
Formed by the clavicle and scapula
Features of the clavicle
S-shaped bone, joins the manubrium of the sternum medially (proximally) and the scapula laterally (distally)
Landmarks of the clavicle
Sternal end - articulates with manubrium
Acromial end - articulates with the acromioclavicular joint
Features of the scapula
Triangular in shape
Anterior surface
Posterior surface
Lateral surface
What feature does the anterior surface of the scapula have
Coracoid process
With the acromion, it helps stabilize the shoulder joint
Features of the posterior surface of the scapula
Acromion and spine
Feature of the lateral surface of the scapula
Glenoid fossa
Articulates with the head of the humerus to contribute to the shoulder joint
Humerus
Single bone of the arm
Articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa of scapula
Articulates distally with the radius and ulna to from the elbow joint
Landmarks of the humerus
Head
Shaft
Capitulum
Trochlea
Epicondyles
Olecranon fossa
Head of the humerus
Round, ball shaped, faces medially that articulates with glenoid fossa
What can you fins opposite to the head of the humerus
Two bumps called the lesser and greater tubercles (lateral)
What is the anatomical neck of the humerus
Neck of the humerus that is below the head
Where is the surgical neck of the humerus
Below the tubercles
Common side for fractures that require surgery
What is the shaft of the humerus
Makes up the majority of the bone
What is the capitulum of the humerus
Articulates with the radius on the lateral side
What is the trochlea of the humerus
Articulates with the ulna on the medial side
What are epicondyles
Lateral and medial epicondyles
Upon our capitulum - lateral epicondyle
Upon our trochlea - medial epicondyle
What is the olecranon fossa
Depression on the posterior side of the distal humerus
Articulates with the olecranon process of our ulna
What two bones make up the forearm
Radius and ulna
Anatomical position of radius
Laterally placed (thumb side) with reference to the forearm
Parts of the radius
Head (proximal end)
Shaft
Neck
Styloid process (distal end)
How to identify the head of the radius
Round disc-shaped
Articulates with the capitulum (distal end) of humerus
Also articulates with the ulna
Anatomical position of ulna
Medially placed (little finger side) with reference to the forearm
Looks like a pipe wrench
Parts of the ulna
Olecranon and trochlear notch (proximal end)
Shaft
Neck
Head (distal end)
Styloid process
What does the proximal end of the ulna articulate with
Distal end of humerus
What does the olecranon of the ulna articulate with
Olecranon fossa of humerus
How to identify the trochlear notch of ulna
C-shaped depression
Interlocks with trochlea of humerus
Bones of the wrist and hand
Wrist - 8 carpals (short bones)
Palm - 5 metacarpals (long bones)
Digits - 14 phalanges (long bones)
What is the pelvic girdle
Attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Formed by the hip (innominate) bone
What bones does the hip consist of
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
Ilium
Largest bone of pelvic girdle
Makes up superior portion of pelvic girdle
Ischium and pubis
Pubis fuses with ilium and ischium
Unites with the other pubic bone at the pubic symphysis
What is the pubis symphysis made of
Fibrocartilage
Features of the pelvis
Greater sciatic notch
Lesser sciatic notch
Acetabulum
Obturator foreman
Where is the greater sciatic notch located
Between the PIIS and the ischial spine
What does the greater sciatic notch allow for
Passage of major nerves and vessels from the pelvic cavity into the posterior region of the lower limb
Where is the lesser sciatic notch located
Between the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity
What does the lesser sciatic notch allow for
The passage of structure from the pelvic cavity to the genital region
What is the acetabulum
Deep curved depression for articulation with the head of femur
What is the obturator foreman
Large opening on the anterior and inferior aspect of each pelvic girdle for blood vessels
Features of the ilium
Iliac crest
Iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Features of the ischium and pubis
Ischial spine
Pubic symphysis
Ischial tuberoisty
Proximal end of femur
Head of femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle forming the hip joint
Distal end of femur
Articulates with the tibia and patella forming the knee joint
What are the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
Parts of the femur that form the knee joint with the tibia
What is the patellar surface
Articular surface on the anterior aspect of the femur and forms a groove for the patella
Tibia
Only weight-bearing bone of the leg
Features of the tibia
Proximal end - medial and lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity
Shaft
Distal end - medial malleolus
What do the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with
Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
What is the tibial tubersosity
Bump below the knee
Point where the patella tendon attaches to the tibia
What is the medial malleolus
Distal end of tibia that is the bump on the inside of the ankle
Fibula
Does not bear or transfer and weight
But the lateral malleolus (distal tip of fibula) provides lateral stability to the ankle joint
Features of the fibula
Proximal end - medial head
Neck
Shaft
Distal end - lateral malleolus
What does the medial head of the fibula articulate with
Lateral condyle of the tibia
What does the lateral malleolus of the fibula articulate with
Lateral talus bone of the foot
Bones of the ankle and foot
Ankle - 7 tarsal (short bones)
Foot - 5 metatarsals (long bones)
Digits - 14 phalanges (long bones)
