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ANAT 100 > Module 5 (Brain and Brainstem) > Flashcards

Module 5 (Brain and Brainstem) Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 structures make up the brain

A

Cerebrum
Brainstem
Cerebellum

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2
Q

What is the cerebrum and what is it composed of

A

Makes up the bulk of the brain
Composed of telencephalon and diencephalon

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3
Q

What is the telencephalon and what is it responsible for

A

Makes up the bulk of the cerebrum
Interprets sensory signals, sends motor signals, and makes decisions

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4
Q

Features of the telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral cortex
Sulci and Grri
Lobes of the cerebrum
Grey matter of the brain
White matter of the brain

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5
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres and what separates them

A

Paired, left and right cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of the cerebrum

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7
Q

What is sulci and gyri

A

Small fissures, or grooves that create folds in the cerebrum

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8
Q

What does the folding of sulci and gyri do

A

Increases the surface area of neural tissue, which increases the functional capacity of the tissue

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9
Q

Sulci

A

Fissures and grooves

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10
Q

Gyri

A

Lumps and bumps between the sulci

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11
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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12
Q

What is grey matter of the brain composed of

A

Nerve cell bodies, short interneurons, and glial cells

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13
Q

Where can grey matter of the brain be found

A

In the cerebral cortex and the inner areas of the brain

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14
Q

What is white matter of the brain composed of

A

Bundles of nerve fibres and axons

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15
Q

Where can white matter of the brain be found

A

In the inner regions of the cerebrum

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16
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain

A

Specialized region of white matter called the corpus callosum

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17
Q

What are white matter tracts

A

3 categories of white matter tracts based upon the structures they connect and the type of communication they faciliate

18
Q

What are the 3 white matter tracts

A

Association fibres
Commissural fibres
Projection fibres

19
Q

What are association fibres

A

Facilitate communication within one hemisphere

20
Q

What are commissural fibres

A

Facilitate communication between the 2 hemispheres

21
Q

Example of commissural fibres

A

Corpus callosum

22
Q

What are projection fibres

A

Facilitate communication between different levels of the CNS, such as between the brain and spinal cord

23
Q

What is the diencephalon

A

Second layer, deep to the telencephalon
Central core of cerebrum, surrounded by cerebral hemispheres

24
Q

What is the diencephalon responsible for

A
25
Q

What structure does the diencephalon enclose

A

The third ventricle

26
Q

What is the diencephalon composed of

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

27
Q

What is the thalamus and what is it responsible for

A

Deep brain structure with two bodies, one per hemisphere
Relays sensory information, expect sense of smell, to other areas of the brain

28
Q

What is the hypothalamus and what is it responsible for

A

Small structure below the thalamus, connected to the pituitary gland
Controls the release of hormones through the pituitary gland

29
Q

What is the brainstem

A

Area of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord

30
Q

Where is the brainstem located and what is it composed of

A

Below the diencephalon
Comprised of the midbrain, the pons, and medulla oblongata

31
Q

Importance of the brainstem

A

Contains many autonomic reflex centres and white matter tracts necessary for human functioning and survival

32
Q

The midbrain

A

Most superior aspect of the brainstem

33
Q

Anterior side of the midbrain

A

Consists of large white matter tracts that make up the cerebral peduncles

34
Q

Postero-lateral side of the midbrain

A

Two pairs of raised bumps, called the superior and inferior colliculi

35
Q

What are the pons

A

Structure in the middle of the brainstem
Located anterior to the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum

36
Q

How does communication between the pons and cerebellum occur

A

The pons have fibres connecting it to the cerebellum

36
Q

What is the cerebellum

A

Structure that is appended to the back of the brainstem and sits underneath the occipital lobe

36
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Coordinates motor activity

36
Q

What is the medulla oblongata

A

The most inferior structure of the brainstem
Continuous with the spinal cord

37
Q

Internal topography of the brain

A

Outer grey matter and inner white matter

ANAT 100 (16 decks)

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