Module 2 (Skeletal System)

Question 1

What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Support
Movement
Protection
Storage
Hematopoiesis

Question 2

What are bones made up of

Answer 2

Strong material called calcium with nerves and blood vessels in them

Question 3

Characteristics of support

Answer 3

Bones are strong and provide structure
Provides shape and support for muscles
Large bones of lower body act as pillars for body trunk
Ribs anchor thoracic wall
Skeleton provides framework that anchor soft organs

Question 4

Characteristics of movement

Answer 4

Provide attachment points for muscles
When muscles contract, bones act as levers for movement
Joints provide movement too

Question 5

Characteristics for protection

Answer 5

Protect organs
Rib cage encloses thoracic cavity and skull
Vertebrae surrounds soft tissue of the NS

Question 6

Characteristics for storage

Answer 6

Reservoir for minerals and fat
Bones store calcium which is important for muscle contraction and nerve impulses
Fat found inside bones, along with bone matrix, serves as a reserve for various minerals

Question 7

What is hematopoiesis

Answer 7

Production of blood cells within the marrow cavities of the bone

Question 8

Characteristics of hematopoiesis

Answer 8

Soft connective tissue called bone marrow found in bone
Yellow marrow - stores fat
Red marrow

Question 9

Axial skeleton

Answer 9

Consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum (core body)

Question 10

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

Upper and lower limbs

Question 11

5 bone shapes

Answer 11

Flat bones
Long bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones

Question 12

Flat bones

Answer 12

Large surface area, used for muscle attachment and protection
Ex. skull

Question 13

Long bones

Answer 13

Longer than they are wide
Ex. femur

Question 14

Short bones

Answer 14

As wide as they are tall, provide stability and fine movement
Ex. bones of the wrist

Question 15

Sesamoid bone

Answer 15

Imbedded in tendons
Ex. patella

Question 16

Irregular bones

Answer 16

Shape does not fit any other category
Ex. vertebrae

Question 17

Outer cortical layer

Answer 17

Made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong

Question 18

Inner cancellous layer

Answer 18

Made up of spongy bone, appears porous and sponge-like
Compact bone of either side of spongy bone in the middle

Question 19

Where are blood cells produced

Answer 19

By bone marrow in the medullary cavity

Question 20

Epiphysis

Answer 20

Enlarged regions at end of bones, knobby, form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments

Question 21

Metaphysis

Answer 21

Region between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 22

Diaphysis

Answer 22

Elongated cylindrical shaft

Question 23

What are the 3 additional features of long bones

Answer 23

Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Medullary cavity

Question 24

Articular cartilage

Answer 24

Covers epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, absorbs shock in moveable joints
Hyaline cartilage because it lines the joint surface

Question 25

Types of cartilage

Answer 25

Hyaline - most common
Elastic - most flexible
Fibrocartilage - least flexible

Question 26

Periosteum

Answer 26

Tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue, covers surface of bones, expect for areas covered by articular cartilage

Question 27

Functions of periosteum

Answer 27

Protects the bone, contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone
Has cells that are responsible for forming new bone tissue

Question 28

Medullary cavity

Answer 28

Where blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow