Module 2 (Skeletal System) Flashcards
What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system
Support
Movement
Protection
Storage
Hematopoiesis
What are bones made up of
Strong material called calcium with nerves and blood vessels in them
Characteristics of support
Bones are strong and provide structure
Provides shape and support for muscles
Large bones of lower body act as pillars for body trunk
Ribs anchor thoracic wall
Skeleton provides framework that anchor soft organs
Characteristics of movement
Provide attachment points for muscles
When muscles contract, bones act as levers for movement
Joints provide movement too
Characteristics for protection
Protect organs
Rib cage encloses thoracic cavity and skull
Vertebrae surrounds soft tissue of the NS
Characteristics for storage
Reservoir for minerals and fat
Bones store calcium which is important for muscle contraction and nerve impulses
Fat found inside bones, along with bone matrix, serves as a reserve for various minerals
What is hematopoiesis
Production of blood cells within the marrow cavities of the bone
Characteristics of hematopoiesis
Soft connective tissue called bone marrow found in bone
Yellow marrow - stores fat
Red marrow
Axial skeleton
Consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum (core body)
Appendicular skeleton
Upper and lower limbs
5 bone shapes
Flat bones
Long bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones
Flat bones
Large surface area, used for muscle attachment and protection
Ex. skull
Long bones
Longer than they are wide
Ex. femur
Short bones
As wide as they are tall, provide stability and fine movement
Ex. bones of the wrist
Sesamoid bone
Imbedded in tendons
Ex. patella
Irregular bones
Shape does not fit any other category
Ex. vertebrae
Outer cortical layer
Made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong
Inner cancellous layer
Made up of spongy bone, appears porous and sponge-like
Compact bone of either side of spongy bone in the middle
Where are blood cells produced
By bone marrow in the medullary cavity
Epiphysis
Enlarged regions at end of bones, knobby, form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments
Metaphysis
Region between epiphysis and diaphysis
Diaphysis
Elongated cylindrical shaft
What are the 3 additional features of long bones
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Medullary cavity
Articular cartilage
Covers epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, absorbs shock in moveable joints
Hyaline cartilage because it lines the joint surface
Types of cartilage
Hyaline - most common
Elastic - most flexible
Fibrocartilage - least flexible
Periosteum
Tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue, covers surface of bones, expect for areas covered by articular cartilage
Functions of periosteum
Protects the bone, contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone
Has cells that are responsible for forming new bone tissue
Medullary cavity
Where blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow
