module 5 gastrointestinal system CONGENITAL HEREDITARY

Question 1

absence or closure of a natural passage of the body

Answer 1

ATRESIA

Question 2

• Congenital anomaly in which the esophagus fail to develop
• Symptoms are visible soon after birth such as excessive salivation, choking, gagging, dyspnea and cyanosis

Answer 2

ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA

Question 3

• Congenital anomaly in which the lumen of the duodenum does not exist resulting in total destruction of the GI tract
• The “double bubble sign” is a radiographic indication consisting of gaseous distention of the stomach
• Surgery is the treatment

Answer 3

DUODENAL ATRESIA

Question 4

• Congenital failure of development of the distal rectum and anus
• Often result to fistula formation in the genitourinary system which often can be repaired surgically

Answer 4

COLONIC ATRESIA

Question 5

• A congenital anomaly of the stomach where the pyloric canal leading out of the stomach is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pyloric sphincter
• It occurs 3-4 times more often in first born male with first signs of projectil vomiting at 3-4 weeks of age
• Surgery is the mode of treatment

Answer 5

HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS (HPS)

Question 6

• Aberration of the normal process of intestinal rotation
• Exists when the intestines are not in their normal position.
• Surgery is the choice for correction

Answer 6

MALROTATION

Question 7

• There are varying degrees of malrotation of the intestinal tract:

Answer 7

1. (from) failure of fixation of the cecum
   2.(to) complete transposition of the bowel

Question 8

• the complete reversal of all abdominal organs

Answer 8

Situs inversus

Question 9

congenital disorder in which there is no anal opening to the exterior

Answer 9

IMPERFORATE ANUS

Question 10

This x-ray is done to distinguish between the high and a low anomaly. The xray requires that the child be in an absolute true lateral position.

Answer 10

Wagensteen & Rice Invertogram

Question 11

• Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon
• Absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the sigmoid colon
• Such absence prevents the normal relaxation of the colon and subsequent peristalsis resulting in gross dilatation to the point of narrowing and constriction

Answer 11

HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE

Question 12

A group of diseases of various causes in which there is interference with normal digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel

Answer 12

MALABSORPTION SYNDROME

Question 13

• Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
• Celiac sprue
• gluten-induced enteropathy
• Occurs as a result of sensitivity to Gluten, an agent found in wheat products such as bread
• interferes with normal digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel
• Common symptoms include diarrhea, flatulence, weight loss, abdominal distention and nutritional deficiencies
• Treatment consists of avoidance of substances containing gluten

Answer 13

CELIAC DISEASE

Question 14

• Occurs when the small bowel lacks sufficient quantity of the enzyme lactase which is used to break down lactose into simple sugars that can be absorbed
• Symptoms may include skin rash, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and vomiting
• Treatment: avoidance of dairy products or by taking lactose enzyme (lactase) before consumption of dairy products

Answer 14

LACTOSE INSUFFICIENCY