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pathology > module 2 > Flashcards

module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases that are present at birth and result from genetic or environmental factors

A

Congenital

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2
Q

stenosis, or narrowing, of
the opening of the foreskin in the
male that leads to an inability to
retract the foreskin

A

Phimosis

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3
Q

caused by developmental disorders
genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and derived from ancestors

A

hereditary diseases

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4
Q

well-known hereditary disease in which proper blood clotting is absent

A

hemophilia

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5
Q

genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome

A

Sex-linked inheritance

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6
Q

genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes

A

Autosomal inheritance

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7
Q

transmitted by a single gene from either parent

A

dominant

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8
Q

transmitted by both parents to an offspring

A

recessive

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9
Q

enlarged breasts, sparse facial and body hair

A

klinefelter syndrome

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10
Q

small testes, inability to produce sperm

A

gynecomastia

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11
Q
  • Webbing at the back of their necks
  • Underdevelopment sex organs
  • Absence of menstruation
  • puffiness of the hands and feet
  • occasionally dwarfism
A

turner’s syndrome

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12
Q

Rare disorder characterized by
the absence of all four limbs

A

tetra amelia syndrome

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13
Q

not necessarily hereditary, however, since it may have been acquired in utero

A

congenital defect

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14
Q

during a critical point in development can occur from maternal infections, radiation, or drugs

A

intrauterine injury

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15
Q

results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent.

A

inflammatory disease

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16
Q

result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses,
bacteria, or fungi

A

infective diseases

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17
Q

result from poisoning by biologic substances

A

toxic diseases

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18
Q

an overreaction of the body’s own defenses

A

allergic diseases

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19
Q

diseases associated with autoantibodies

A

autoimmune disorders

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20
Q

antibodies that
form against and
injure the patient’s
own tissues

A

autoantibodies

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21
Q

generalized pathologic process that is nonspecific to the agent causing the injury

A

Inflammatory reaction or inflammation

22
Q

Common to acute inflammation and the leukocytes serve
to remove the dead material through phagocytosis

A

cellular necrosis (death)

23
Q

refers to an inflammatory process caused by a diseasecausing organism

A

infection

24
Q

refers to the ease with which an organism can overcome
body defenses

A

virulence

25
Q

-the process in which damaged tissues are replaced by new
tissues that are essentially identical to those replaced
-the most desirable type of repair

A

tissue regeneration

26
Q

alternative to regeneration, but it is less desirable because it leads to scarring and fibrosis

A

fibrous connective tissue repair

27
Q

scar that continues to grow until it is larger than the original injury

A

keloid

28
Q

-caused by a deterioration of the body.
-although they are usually associated with the aging
process, some degenerative conditions may exist in
younger patients

A

degenerative disease

29
Q
  • diseases caused by a disturbance of the normal
    physiologic function of the body
    -These include endocrine disorders (e.g. diabetes and
    hyperparathyroidism) and disturbances of fluid and
    electrolyte balance
A

metabolic disease

30
Q

sum of all physical and
chemical processes in the body

A

metabolism

31
Q

may consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity

A

Endocrine Disorders

32
Q

most common disturbance of fluid balance

A

dehydration

33
Q

-mineral salts (most commonly sodium and potassium)
dissolved in the body’s water
- depletion of them may occur because of vomiting,
diarrhea, or use of diuretics (substances that promote the
excretion of salt and water)

A

electrolytes

34
Q

body’s normal internal resting state

A

homeostasis

35
Q

may result from mechanical forces
such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body

A

traumatic disease

36
Q

– bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary
rupture

A

Bruise or Contusion

37
Q

an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin

A

Wound

38
Q

results in new, abnormal tissue
growth

A

neoplastic disease

39
Q

term used to describe the many
types of cellular change that can
occur in response to disease

A

lesion

40
Q

bright red color of this skin comes from the large number of dilated blood vessels

A

hemangiona

41
Q

remains localized and is generally noninvasive

A

benign neoplasm

42
Q

continues to grow, spread and invade other tissues

A

malignant neoplasm

43
Q

general term often used to denote various types of malignant neoplasms

A

cancer

44
Q

spread of cancer cells

A

metastasis

45
Q

one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue

A

carcinoma

46
Q

another cancer which arises from connective tissue

A

sarcoma

47
Q

usually benign tumor arising from glandular epithelial tissue

A

adenoma

48
Q

benign encapsulated tumor of connective tissue

A

fibroma

49
Q

malignant tumor of neurologic cells

A

glioma

50
Q

benign fatty tumor

A

lipoma

51
Q

malignant tumor of the skin

A

melanoma

pathology (12 decks)

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