module 2

Question 1

Diseases that are present at birth and result from genetic or environmental factors

Answer 1

Congenital

Question 2

stenosis, or narrowing, of
the opening of the foreskin in the
male that leads to an inability to
retract the foreskin

Answer 2

Phimosis

Question 3

caused by developmental disorders
genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and derived from ancestors

Answer 3

hereditary diseases

Question 4

well-known hereditary disease in which proper blood clotting is absent

Answer 4

hemophilia

Question 5

genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome

Answer 5

Sex-linked inheritance

Question 6

genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes

Answer 6

Autosomal inheritance

Question 7

transmitted by a single gene from either parent

Answer 7

dominant

Question 8

transmitted by both parents to an offspring

Answer 8

recessive

Question 9

enlarged breasts, sparse facial and body hair

Answer 9

klinefelter syndrome

Question 10

small testes, inability to produce sperm

Answer 10

gynecomastia

Question 11

• Webbing at the back of their necks
• Underdevelopment sex organs
• Absence of menstruation
• puffiness of the hands and feet
• occasionally dwarfism

Answer 11

turner’s syndrome

Question 12

Rare disorder characterized by
the absence of all four limbs

Answer 12

tetra amelia syndrome

Question 13

not necessarily hereditary, however, since it may have been acquired in utero

Answer 13

congenital defect

Question 14

during a critical point in development can occur from maternal infections, radiation, or drugs

Answer 14

intrauterine injury

Question 15

results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent.

Answer 15

inflammatory disease

Question 16

result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses,
bacteria, or fungi

Answer 16

infective diseases

Question 17

result from poisoning by biologic substances

Answer 17

toxic diseases

Question 18

an overreaction of the body’s own defenses

Answer 18

allergic diseases

Question 19

diseases associated with autoantibodies

Answer 19

autoimmune disorders

Question 20

antibodies that
form against and
injure the patient’s
own tissues

Answer 20

autoantibodies

Question 21

generalized pathologic process that is nonspecific to the agent causing the injury

Answer 21

Inflammatory reaction or inflammation

Question 22

Common to acute inflammation and the leukocytes serve
to remove the dead material through phagocytosis

Answer 22

cellular necrosis (death)

Question 23

refers to an inflammatory process caused by a diseasecausing organism

Answer 23

infection

Question 24

refers to the ease with which an organism can overcome
body defenses

Answer 24

virulence

Question 25

-the process in which damaged tissues are replaced by new tissues that are essentially identical to those replaced -the most desirable type of repair

Answer 25

tissue regeneration

Question 26

alternative to regeneration, but it is less desirable because it leads to scarring and fibrosis

Answer 26

fibrous connective tissue repair

Question 27

scar that continues to grow until it is larger than the original injury

Answer 27

keloid

Question 28

-caused by a deterioration of the body. -although they are usually associated with the aging process, some degenerative conditions may exist in younger patients

Answer 28

degenerative disease

Question 29

- diseases caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body -These include endocrine disorders (e.g. diabetes and hyperparathyroidism) and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 29

metabolic disease

Question 30

sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body

Answer 30

metabolism

Question 31

may consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity

Answer 31

Endocrine Disorders

Question 32

most common disturbance of fluid balance

Answer 32

dehydration

Question 33

-mineral salts (most commonly sodium and potassium) dissolved in the body’s water - depletion of them may occur because of vomiting, diarrhea, or use of diuretics (substances that promote the excretion of salt and water)

Answer 33

electrolytes

Question 34

body’s normal internal resting state

Answer 34

homeostasis

Question 35

may result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body

Answer 35

traumatic disease

Question 36

– bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture

Answer 36

Bruise or Contusion

Question 37

an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin

Answer 37

Wound

Question 38

results in new, abnormal tissue growth

Answer 38

neoplastic disease

Question 39

term used to describe the many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease

Answer 39

lesion

Question 40

bright red color of this skin comes from the large number of dilated blood vessels

Answer 40

hemangiona

Question 41

remains localized and is generally noninvasive

Answer 41

benign neoplasm

Question 42

continues to grow, spread and invade other tissues

Answer 42

malignant neoplasm

Question 43

general term often used to denote various types of malignant neoplasms

Answer 43

cancer

Question 44

spread of cancer cells

Answer 44

metastasis

Question 45

one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue

Answer 45

carcinoma

Question 46

another cancer which arises from connective tissue

Answer 46

sarcoma

Question 47

usually benign tumor arising from glandular epithelial tissue

Answer 47

adenoma

Question 48

benign encapsulated tumor of connective tissue

Answer 48

fibroma

Question 49

malignant tumor of neurologic cells

Answer 49

glioma

Question 50

benign fatty tumor

Answer 50

lipoma

Question 51

malignant tumor of the skin

Answer 51

melanoma