module 3 traumatic Flashcards
discontinuity of bone caused by mechanical forces either applied to the bone or transmitted directly along the line of a bone
FRACTURES
- one in which the bone has
penetrate the skin.
OPEN OR COMPOUND FRACTURE
one in which the skin is not penetrated, thus reducing the chance of infection
CLOSED FRACTURE
- those in which the bone has separated into two fragments
COMPLETE FRACTURE
those in which only part of the bony structure gives way, with little or no displacement
INCOMPLETE
bone is separated into two or more and often numerous fragments
COMMINUTED FRACTURE
complete fractures that are at right angles to the long axis of the bone
TRANSVERSE FRACTURE
type of incomplete fracture that extends from the surface into but not all the way through a long bone
FISSURE
- axis of the fracture is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the bone. The length and angle of the
fracture depend on the rotational stress
OBLIQUE FRACTURE
- bone appears to be twisted apart
- very common in the humerus, and
especially the tibia of skiers
SPIRAL FRACTURE
- lengthwise break in a bone
LONGITUDINAL FRACTURE
one bone fragment is driven into another
IMPACTED FRACTURE
type of impacted fracture that is especially common in the distal radius of children
TORUS
fracture of a bone in two district places
DOUBLE FRACTURE
occur when a fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft
AVULSION
usually occur as a result of an abnormal degree of repetitive trauma
STRESS/FATIGUE STRESS
occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone, usually in connection with unaccustomed activity
FATIGUE
commonly a transverse fracture occurring in abnormal bone that is weakened by various diseases
PATHOLOGIC
a fractures of the base of the first metacarpal with involvement of the First carpometacarpal joint
Bennett’s Fracture
fracture through the distal one-inch of the radius
Colle’s
a reverse Colle’s fracture with displacement toward the palmar aspect of the hand
Smith’s
common pediatric fracture in which there is an alteration in the alignment of the condyles, may come to lie directly under the shaft of the humerus
Supracondylar
usually caused by falling on one’s hand
Carpal-Navicular Fracture
involves both malleoli, with dislocation of the ankle joint
Pott’s
- exact location and severity of a hip fracture depend on the direction of the forces involved
- most common types of hip fractures include subcapital, transcervical and intertrochanteric
Hip Fractures
a fracture of the lateral and medial malleolus
Bimalleolar Fracture
has three components: the medial and lateral malleolus and the posterior distal tibia
Trimalleolar Fracture
- a common transverse fracture that occurs when the foot is suddenly twisted when the ankle pronates
Fracture of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal
- occurs when a person falls directly on the patella, shattering it
Stellate Fracture
- a comminuted fracture in which there are one or more butterfly wing or wedge-shaped fragments split off from the main fragments
Butterfly
- in which the cortex breaks on one side without separation or breaking of the opposing cortex.
- found almost exclusively in infants and children because of the softness of the cancellous bone
Greenstick
avulsion fracture of a small fragment or chip of bone from the corner of a phalanx or other long bone
Chip
type of incomplete fracture resulting from penetration by a sharp object such a bullet or a knife
Penetrating
- occurs when the fifth metacarpal fractures as a result of a blow to or with the hand
Boxer’s
- one of the proximal third of the ulna shaft, with anterior dislocation of the radial head
Monteggia
