module 3 congenital

Question 1

• a serious autosomal dominant, congenital disease that affects the newborn skeletal system
• due to its abnormal fragile bone, infants afflicted are born with multiple fracture
• results in limb deformities and dwarfism
• in some cases, a hearing disorder might occur due to the abnormal connective tissues around the auditory ossicles
• also called Brittle bone disease

Answer 1

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Question 2

• the most common inherited disorder that results in malformation and dwarfism
• due to the cartilage located in the epiphyses of long bones that does not convert to a bone
• patients with such condition present a normal size trunk but with shortened extremities
• other manifestations include lumbar spine lordosis ,bow leg and bulky forehead

Answer 2

ACHONDROPLASIA

Question 3

short-segment structural
thoracolumbar kyphosis resulting in
sharp angulation

Answer 3

gibbus deformity

Question 4

• Marble Bone
• term characterizing various disorders that involves increase in bone density and defective bone contour (Skeletal Modeling)

Answer 4

OSTEOPETROSIS

Question 5

common form of osteosclerotic
osteopetrosis that is considered as a benign skeletal anomaly involving bone density. Patients with such condition are asymptomatic.

Answer 5

Albers-Schonberg

Question 6

• failure of the fingers or toes to
  separate that gives a physical appearance of a webbed digit

Answer 6

SYNDACTYLY

Question 7

• the presence of extra digits

Answer 7

POLYDACTYLY

Question 8

• prevents a normal weight-bearing.
  Found to turn inward at the ankle, common in males and occurs bilaterally

Answer 8

CLUBFOOT

Question 9

– a hand deformity analogous to
clubfoot

Answer 9

CLUBHAND

Question 10

• a malformation of the
  acetabulum due to incomplete
  formation resulting in
  displacement of the head of the
  femur
• very common in females and can
  be treated through casting or
  splinting of the affected hip

Answer 10

CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP

Question 11

– an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine that tends to affect females more frequently
-does not generally become apparent until adolescent stage
- curve can either be convex to the right in the thoracic region or to the left in the lumbar region
- can be corrected surgically or by placing a brace or body cast

Answer 11

SCOLIOSIS

Question 12

– an incomplete closure of the vertebral canal particularly in the lumbosacral area which results in failure of bony fusion of the 2 laminae that is visible radiographically
- in severe cases it affects the spinal cord resulting in paralysis

Answer 12

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 13

least serios and most common type. usually discovered only on xrays. most people never become aware of their condition

Answer 13

spina bifida occulta

Question 14

next most serious ty[e, coverings of the spinal cord pass back through the opening in the spine to forma cyst-like swelling

Answer 14

meningocele

Question 15

most serious type of spina bifida, spinal cord is enclosed in the cyst the condition is called

Answer 15

myelomeningocele

Question 16

• premature or early closure of any of the cranial sutures.
• causes an overgrowth in the unfused sutures allowing the brain to grow, thus altering the shape of the head.

Answer 16

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS

Question 17

– results in no formation of the brain and cranial vault leaving only the facial bones to be formed
- results in death and can be diagnosed by sonography and radiography.

Answer 17

ANENCEPHALY