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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

  • makes T3 & T4, controls metabolism, energy, growth, NS activity
  • Targets thyroid gland
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2
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

  • produces cortisol and other glucocorticoids
  • targets adrenal glands
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3
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

Promotes sperm and egg production

  • testes/ovaries
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4
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing

Regulates testosterone and estrogen

  • ovaries, testes
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5
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

Milk production

  • targets Mammary glands
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6
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

Growth in childhood and maintain healthy body composition (muscle and bone mass)

All tissues

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7
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Increase melanin production

  • melanocytes
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8
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic

Regulates water balance

  • targets kidneys
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9
Q

Oxytocin

A

Milk letdown, contractions, love

  • targets brain, uterus, mammary glands
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10
Q

T4 & T3

A

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine

Increases rate of which cells release energy from carbs

  • targets most cells
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11
Q

CT

A

Calcitonin

Reg. Blood concentration of calcium

  • targets osteoblasts
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12
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

Takes calcium from bones to make available in blood

  • targets bone cells
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13
Q

Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone

A

Helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintain BP

  • targets kidneys
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14
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Anti-inflammatory, control metabolism in fat, liver, and bone

  • liver, fat, brain, lung
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15
Q

Androgens

A

Males, sex hormone

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16
Q

E & NE

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

Increase heart rate, breathing, BP, fight or flight

Targets most cells

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17
Q

Melatonin

A

Circadian rhythm

  • various
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18
Q

Glucagon

A

Increase glucose, has liver break down glucagon

  • targets liver
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19
Q

Insulin

A

Lowers glucose lvls, affects uptake of glucose by cells

  • targets all cells
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20
Q

EPO

A

Erythropoietin

Increase red blood cell production

  • targets bone marrow
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21
Q

Renin - Angiotensin ll

A

Increase BP

  • targets blood vessels, kidneys, liver
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22
Q

Leptin

A

Controls satiety (feeling of fullness - food)

  • secreted by adipocytes
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23
Q

Humoral stimuli

A

Response to a change in extracellular fluid

  • increase in blood glucose levels cause pancreas to release insulin
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24
Q

Hormonal stimuli

A

Response to another hormone

  • hypothalamus release last hormone which triggers anterior pituitary gland
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25
Q

Which structure produces insulin

A

Pancreas

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26
Q

Regulatory hormones produced by the _____ are then stored and released by the _____ pituitary

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior

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27
Q

Which structure secretes EPO and calcitriol

A

Kidney

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28
Q

Which hormone induced ovulation

A

LH

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29
Q

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called

A

Hormones

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30
Q

Which hormone also called somatostatin stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis

A

GH

31
Q

What is a hormonal effect of PTH

A

Increased calcium concentration in body fluids

32
Q

Hormones alter cellular operations by charging the identities, activities, location, or quantities of important enzymes and structural proteins in

A

Target cells

33
Q

What is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary

A

ADH

34
Q

What two specific endocrine structures are connected

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary

35
Q

What element is required for the manufacture of thyroxine (T3)

A

Iodine

36
Q

What hormone is secreted when blood calcium drops below normal

A

Parathyroid hormone

37
Q

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine

38
Q

How does the endocrine system signal cells

A

Chemical messengers

39
Q

Steroid hormones diffuse across cell membranes and bind to receptors INSIDE the cell

A

True

40
Q

All hormones require receptors to signal cells

A

False

41
Q

Protein hormones have a broader effect in the body than steroid hormones because they enter the cells

A

False

42
Q

What are ways to get rid of hormones when you no longer need them

A

Excrete in urine
Broken down by liver enzymes

43
Q

Hormones like cortisol are related due to other hormones, this is an example of?

A

Hormonal stimuli

44
Q

Hormones like oxytocin are released due to electrical stimulation, this is an example of

A

Neural control

45
Q

Insulin is released due to changes in blood, this is an example of?

A

Humoral

46
Q

What gland secretes hormones that regulate metabolism

A

Thyroid

47
Q

“Master gland”

A

Pituitary

48
Q

Role of the adrenal gland

A

Helps the body cope with physical and emotional stress

49
Q

Pituitary gland secretes (3)

A

ADH
Prolactin
Oxytocin

50
Q

2 hormones associated with the posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin
ADH

51
Q

What chemical does the pineal gland make

A

Melatonin

52
Q

What gland makes GH

A

Pituitary

53
Q

What hormones promote uterine lining growth

A

Estrogens
Progesterone

54
Q

TSH is produced in the

A

Pituitary

55
Q

What gland is regulated by ACTH

A

adrenal cortex

56
Q

Aldosterone regulates

A

Sodium and potassium

57
Q

Hormone associated with the thymus

A

Thymosin

58
Q

Hormone lowers blood concentration of calcium

A

Calcitonin

59
Q

Epinephrine =

A

Adrenaline

60
Q

Hormone that stimulates the fight or flight response

A

Norepinephrine

61
Q

Hormone that raises blood calcium concentration

A

PTH

62
Q

Hormone responsible for triggering ovulation

A

LH

63
Q

What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

A

ACTH

64
Q

Hormone response that occurs bc of concentrations of chemicals in blood

A

Humoral

65
Q

Hormone that tells the body it’s pregnant and maintains the uterine lining

A

Progesterone

66
Q

Renin secretion ____ BP

A

Increases

67
Q

EPO and renin are produced by the

A

Kidneys

68
Q

What’s trickier takes over production of hormones to maintain a pregnancy and connect mother to fetus

A

Placenta

69
Q

Purpose of leptin

A

Decrease appetite

70
Q

Hormone for sex drive in females

A

Suprarenal (adrenal)

71
Q

Effect of hyperthyroidism

A

Weight loss

72
Q

What would cause a toddler to be morbidly obese

A

Low leptin
Not enough leptin receptors

73
Q

Hyposecretion of renin would cause

A

Low BP

74
Q

Hyposecretion of ADH would cause

A

High BP

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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