Thyroid stimulating hormone - makes T3 & T4, controls metabolism, energy, growth, NS activity - Targets thyroid gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone - produces cortisol and other glucocorticoids - targets adrenal glands

Luteinizing Regulates testosterone and estrogen - ovaries, testes

Prolactin Milk production - targets Mammary glands

Antidiuretic Regulates water balance - targets kidneys

Milk letdown, contractions, love - targets brain, uterus, mammary glands

Calcitonin Reg. Blood concentration of calcium - targets osteoblasts

Anti-inflammatory, control metabolism in fat, liver, and bone - liver, fat, brain, lung

Increase glucose, has liver break down glucagon - targets liver

Lowers glucose lvls, affects uptake of glucose by cells - targets all cells

Erythropoietin Increase red blood cell production - targets bone marrow

Controls satiety (feeling of fullness - food) - secreted by adipocytes

Response to a change in extracellular fluid - increase in blood glucose levels cause pancreas to release insulin

Response to another hormone - hypothalamus release last hormone which triggers anterior pituitary gland

Module 5 Flashcards by jenna williams

TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

makes T3 & T4, controls metabolism, energy, growth, NS activity
Targets thyroid gland

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ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

produces cortisol and other glucocorticoids
targets adrenal glands

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FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone

Promotes sperm and egg production

testes/ovaries

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Luteinizing

Regulates testosterone and estrogen

ovaries, testes

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PRL

Prolactin

Milk production

targets Mammary glands

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Growth hormone

Growth in childhood and maintain healthy body composition (muscle and bone mass)

All tissues

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MSH

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Increase melanin production

melanocytes

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ADH

Antidiuretic

Regulates water balance

targets kidneys

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Oxytocin

Milk letdown, contractions, love

targets brain, uterus, mammary glands

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T4 & T3

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine

Increases rate of which cells release energy from carbs

targets most cells

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Calcitonin

Reg. Blood concentration of calcium

targets osteoblasts

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PTH

Parathyroid hormone

Takes calcium from bones to make available in blood

targets bone cells

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Mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone

Helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintain BP

targets kidneys

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Glucocorticoids

Anti-inflammatory, control metabolism in fat, liver, and bone

liver, fat, brain, lung

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Androgens

Males, sex hormone

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E & NE

Epinephrine, norepinephrine

Increase heart rate, breathing, BP, fight or flight

Targets most cells

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Melatonin

Circadian rhythm

various

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Glucagon

Increase glucose, has liver break down glucagon

targets liver

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Insulin

Lowers glucose lvls, affects uptake of glucose by cells

targets all cells

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EPO

Erythropoietin

Increase red blood cell production

targets bone marrow

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Renin - Angiotensin ll

Increase BP

targets blood vessels, kidneys, liver

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Leptin

Controls satiety (feeling of fullness - food)

secreted by adipocytes

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Humoral stimuli

Response to a change in extracellular fluid

increase in blood glucose levels cause pancreas to release insulin

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Hormonal stimuli

Response to another hormone

hypothalamus release last hormone which triggers anterior pituitary gland

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Which structure produces insulin

Pancreas

Regulatory hormones produced by the _____ are then stored and released by the _____ pituitary

Hypothalamus Anterior

Which structure secretes EPO and calcitriol

Kidney

Which hormone induced ovulation

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called

Hormones

Which hormone also called somatostatin stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating the rate of protein synthesis

What is a hormonal effect of PTH

Increased calcium concentration in body fluids

Hormones alter cellular operations by charging the identities, activities, location, or quantities of important enzymes and structural proteins in

Target cells

What is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary

ADH

What two specific endocrine structures are connected

Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary

What element is required for the manufacture of thyroxine (T3)

Iodine

What hormone is secreted when blood calcium drops below normal

Parathyroid hormone

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla

Epinephrine

How does the endocrine system signal cells

Chemical messengers

Steroid hormones diffuse across cell membranes and bind to receptors INSIDE the cell

True

All hormones require receptors to signal cells

False

Protein hormones have a broader effect in the body than steroid hormones because they enter the cells

False

What are ways to get rid of hormones when you no longer need them

Excrete in urine Broken down by liver enzymes

Hormones like cortisol are related due to other hormones, this is an example of?

Hormonal stimuli

Hormones like oxytocin are released due to electrical stimulation, this is an example of

Neural control

Insulin is released due to changes in blood, this is an example of?

Humoral

What gland secretes hormones that regulate metabolism

Thyroid

“Master gland”

Pituitary

Role of the adrenal gland

Helps the body cope with physical and emotional stress

Pituitary gland secretes (3)

ADH Prolactin Oxytocin

2 hormones associated with the posterior pituitary

Oxytocin ADH

What chemical does the pineal gland make

Melatonin

What gland makes GH

Pituitary

What hormones promote uterine lining growth

Estrogens Progesterone

TSH is produced in the

Pituitary

What gland is regulated by ACTH

adrenal cortex

Aldosterone regulates

Sodium and potassium

Hormone associated with the thymus

Thymosin

Hormone lowers blood concentration of calcium

Calcitonin

Epinephrine =

Adrenaline

Hormone that stimulates the fight or flight response

Norepinephrine

Hormone that raises blood calcium concentration

PTH

Hormone responsible for triggering ovulation

What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

ACTH

Hormone response that occurs bc of concentrations of chemicals in blood

Humoral

Hormone that tells the body it’s pregnant and maintains the uterine lining

Progesterone

Renin secretion ____ BP

Increases

EPO and renin are produced by the

Kidneys

What’s trickier takes over production of hormones to maintain a pregnancy and connect mother to fetus

Placenta

Purpose of leptin

Decrease appetite

Hormone for sex drive in females

Suprarenal (adrenal)

Effect of hyperthyroidism

Weight loss

What would cause a toddler to be morbidly obese

Low leptin Not enough leptin receptors

Hyposecretion of renin would cause

Low BP

Hyposecretion of ADH would cause

High BP