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anatomy & physiology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When atoms fill their outer shells by sharing electrons, the result is what type of bond?

A

Covalent

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2
Q

Decomposition reactions of complex molecules within cells are referred to as what?

A

Catabolism

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3
Q

Which property of water accounts for the cooling effect of perspiration?

A

High heat capacity

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4
Q

What is a substance that dissociates in solution to release hydrogen ions (H+)?

A

Acid

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5
Q

Any chemical substance made up of 2 or more elements is a/an?

A

Compound

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6
Q

The break down if sucrose into simple sugars is an example of?

A

Hydrolysis (decomposition)

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7
Q

Which subatomic particle will vary in different isotopes of an atom?

A

Neutrons

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8
Q

Which element has the symbol Fe and is important in oxygen transport?

A

Iron

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9
Q

Which element will form polar covalent bond with oxygen to water?

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

When atoms are attracted by opposite charges, what type of bond do they form?

A

Ionic

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11
Q

What term is used to refer to stored energy?

A

Potential

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12
Q

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

A

Lower activation energy

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13
Q

What is not a characteristic of water?

A

Low heat capacity

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14
Q

What substance will break apart in water?

A

Sodium chloride

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15
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45
Weakly alkaline/basic

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16
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

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17
Q

What component is found in DNA but not RNA?

A

Thymine

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18
Q

Difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid is that saturated fatty acids have what?

A

All single bonds between the carbon atoms

19
Q

What 3 components make up a nucleotide

A

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

20
Q

What molecule contains the most hydrogen atoms per carbon atom?

A

Saturated fatty acid

21
Q

What type of force or bond would cause atoms to form crystals like table sat?

A

Ionic

22
Q

Detoxing blood (involves breaking things down) in the liver would use what kind of chemical reaction?

A

Decomposition / Hydrolysis

23
Q

Building actin and myosin molecules to increase body muscle would be considered what kind of chemical reaction?

A

Synthesis / dehydration synthesis
- water is produced/removed from the molecules

24
Q

Why is water important for the human body?

A

-helps with homeostasis temperature
-helps with chemical reactions (used during hydrolysis/decomposition, produced during synthesis)
-good solvent to dissolve most molecules in body

25
Q

Why might you drink an electrolyte solutions like Gatorade when in an athletic event?

A

Composed of ions so they’re good at conducting electricity.
- Electrolytes are used for action potentials
- release of neurotransmitters at synapses
- muscle contractions

26
Q

What type of lipid is most abundant in cel membranes?

A

Phospholipids

27
Q

4 different functions for proteins and example

A
  1. Regulation of bodys functions (enzymes) - pepsin in the stomach
  2. Transport across membranes - Na K ion pump
  3. Transport throughout the body - hemoglobin
  4. Movement - actin & myosin in muscle cells
28
Q

Define acidosis

A

Change in blood pH below 7.35

29
Q

Define alkalosis

A

Change in blood pH above 7.45

30
Q

Lipid
Monomer & example

A

Glycerol, phosphate, fatty acid
-Phospholipid, triglycerides, steroids

31
Q

Carbohydrate
Monomer & example

A

Monosaccharides
- glucose, fructose, glycogen

32
Q

Protein
Monomer & example

A

Amino acids
- hormones, enzymes

33
Q

Nucleic Acids
Monomer & example

A

Nucleotide
- RNA, DNA, atp

34
Q

Two simple sugars bound together are known as?

A

Disaccharide

35
Q

Glycogen found in the liver is an example of _____ and belongs to what macromolecule?

A

Polysaccharide, carbohydrate

36
Q

Which polymer is held together by a series of peptide bonds?

A

Protein

37
Q

Lipid
Function & elements

A

Long term energy storage, insulation, cushion, cell membrane
- C, H, O, sometimes P

38
Q

Carbohydrate
Function & elements

A

Energy production, blood sugar
- C, H ,O

39
Q

Protein
Function & elements

A

Buffers, support, defense, movement, transport
C, H, O, N, S

40
Q

Nucleic Acids
Function & elements

A

Genetic storage, cell activity
- C, H, O, N, P

41
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking in matter by vesicular transport

42
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating - grabs

43
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking - absorbs

44
Q

Exocytosis

A

Release of waste using vesicle carriers

anatomy & physiology (12 decks)

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