Module 2

Question 1

When atoms fill their outer shells by sharing electrons, the result is what type of bond?

Answer 1

Covalent

Question 2

Decomposition reactions of complex molecules within cells are referred to as what?

Answer 2

Catabolism

Question 3

Which property of water accounts for the cooling effect of perspiration?

Answer 3

High heat capacity

Question 4

What is a substance that dissociates in solution to release hydrogen ions (H+)?

Answer 4

Acid

Question 5

Any chemical substance made up of 2 or more elements is a/an?

Answer 5

Compound

Question 6

The break down if sucrose into simple sugars is an example of?

Answer 6

Hydrolysis (decomposition)

Question 7

Which subatomic particle will vary in different isotopes of an atom?

Answer 7

Neutrons

Question 8

Which element has the symbol Fe and is important in oxygen transport?

Answer 8

Iron

Question 9

Which element will form polar covalent bond with oxygen to water?

Answer 9

Hydrogen

Question 10

When atoms are attracted by opposite charges, what type of bond do they form?

Answer 10

Ionic

Question 11

What term is used to refer to stored energy?

Answer 11

Potential

Question 12

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 12

Lower activation energy

Question 13

What is not a characteristic of water?

Answer 13

Low heat capacity

Question 14

What substance will break apart in water?

Answer 14

Sodium chloride

Question 15

What is the normal pH of blood?

Answer 15

7.35-7.45
Weakly alkaline/basic

Question 16

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

What component is found in DNA but not RNA?

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

Difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid is that saturated fatty acids have what?

Answer 18

All single bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 19

What 3 components make up a nucleotide

Answer 19

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 20

What molecule contains the most hydrogen atoms per carbon atom?

Answer 20

Saturated fatty acid

Question 21

What type of force or bond would cause atoms to form crystals like table sat?

Answer 21

Ionic

Question 22

Detoxing blood (involves breaking things down) in the liver would use what kind of chemical reaction?

Answer 22

Decomposition / Hydrolysis

Question 23

Building actin and myosin molecules to increase body muscle would be considered what kind of chemical reaction?

Answer 23

Synthesis / dehydration synthesis
- water is produced/removed from the molecules

Question 24

Why is water important for the human body?

Answer 24

-helps with homeostasis temperature
-helps with chemical reactions (used during hydrolysis/decomposition, produced during synthesis)
-good solvent to dissolve most molecules in body

Question 25

Why might you drink an electrolyte solutions like Gatorade when in an athletic event?

Answer 25

Composed of ions so they’re good at conducting electricity. - Electrolytes are used for action potentials - release of neurotransmitters at synapses - muscle contractions

Question 26

What type of lipid is most abundant in cel membranes?

Answer 26

Phospholipids

Question 27

4 different functions for proteins and example

Answer 27

1. Regulation of bodys functions (enzymes) - pepsin in the stomach 2. Transport across membranes - Na K ion pump 3. Transport throughout the body - hemoglobin 4. Movement - actin & myosin in muscle cells

Question 28

Define acidosis

Answer 28

Change in blood pH below 7.35

Question 29

Define alkalosis

Answer 29

Change in blood pH above 7.45

Question 30

Lipid Monomer & example

Answer 30

Glycerol, phosphate, fatty acid -Phospholipid, triglycerides, steroids

Question 31

Carbohydrate Monomer & example

Answer 31

Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, glycogen

Question 32

Protein Monomer & example

Answer 32

Amino acids - hormones, enzymes

Question 33

Nucleic Acids Monomer & example

Answer 33

Nucleotide - RNA, DNA, atp

Question 34

Two simple sugars bound together are known as?

Answer 34

Disaccharide

Question 35

Glycogen found in the liver is an example of _____ and belongs to what macromolecule?

Answer 35

Polysaccharide, carbohydrate

Question 36

Which polymer is held together by a series of peptide bonds?

Answer 36

Protein

Question 37

Lipid Function & elements

Answer 37

Long term energy storage, insulation, cushion, cell membrane - C, H, O, sometimes P

Question 38

Carbohydrate Function & elements

Answer 38

Energy production, blood sugar - C, H ,O

Question 39

Protein Function & elements

Answer 39

Buffers, support, defense, movement, transport C, H, O, N, S

Question 40

Nucleic Acids Function & elements

Answer 40

Genetic storage, cell activity - C, H, O, N, P

Question 41

Endocytosis

Answer 41

Taking in matter by vesicular transport

Question 42

Phagocytosis

Answer 42

Cell eating - grabs

Question 43

Pinocytosis

Answer 43

Cell drinking - absorbs

Question 44

Exocytosis

Answer 44

Release of waste using vesicle carriers