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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

Retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneal cavity
Superior lumbar region
R kidney is lower than the L bc it’s crowed by the liver

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2
Q

What type of tissue does the esophagus have

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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3
Q

What type of tissue does the small intestine have

A

Simple columnar epithelial

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4
Q

What type of tissue does the nasal passages have

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

The inner lining of the digestive tract is called the _____ and consists of ______ tissue

A

Mucosa
Epithelial

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6
Q

The next deepest layer of the digestive tract is called ____ and has large blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers

A

Submucosa

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7
Q

The next layer out of the digestive tract is composed of ____ muscle which cj tract to mix and role food

A

Smooth

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8
Q

The outer layer of the digestive tract is called ____ which is a membrane that produces a thin fluid to protect and lubricator the outside of the digestive tract

A

Serosa

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9
Q

Serosa is attached to membranes called ______ that suspend the digestive tract within the abdominal cavity

A

Messntries

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10
Q

The digestive tract moves food along using waves of contractions called

A

Peristalsis

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11
Q

The small intestine uses contractions called what to mix the contents

A

Segmentation

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12
Q

Where do you begin the chemical break down of
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

A

Oral cavity
Stomach
Small intestine

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13
Q

3 liver functions

A

Bile production
Hematological regulation
Metabolic regulation

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14
Q

What structure produces enzymes that can break down all classes of macromolecules

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Function if the pyloric sphincter

A

Prevents food from leaving the stomach before it becomes chyme

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16
Q

Function of the esophageal sphincter

A

Prevents backflow from the stomach into the esophagus

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17
Q

List the parts of the functional unit in order that filtrate would pass through where it’s produced until it leaves the kidney (8)

A

Renal corpuscle ( glomerulus & capsule)
PCT
loop of henle
DCT
collecting duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

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18
Q

What enzyme is produced by the kidneys when blood volume / BP decreases

A

Renin

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19
Q

What effect does angiotensin have on the blood

A

Increase BP

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20
Q

What hormone directly affects the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts

A

ADH

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21
Q

What hormone stimulates the reabsorption of na and secretion of k

A

Aldosterone

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22
Q

Building blocks of …
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

A

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acids

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23
Q

Functions of …
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

A

Source of energy
Energy, cell function, vitamin absorption
Repair cells, make new cells

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24
Q

What is anabolism

A

Synthesis of new organic molecules

Smaller molecules assembled into larger ones (energy required)

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25
Q

What is catabolism

A

Breakdown of organic substrates, releases energy used to synthesize high energy compounds (ATP)

Larger molecules broken down to small ones (energy released)

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26
Q

What organs/structures make sup the alimentary canal

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Stomach
Small/large intestine

27
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs

A

Teeth
Tongue
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
Liver
Pancreas

28
Q

The 6 GI tract activities

A

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Absorption
Defecation

29
Q

Salivary amylase begins chemical break down of

A

Starch

30
Q

Mouth is lined with

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

31
Q

Chemical breakdown of proteins begins with

A

Pepsin and HCL

32
Q

Small intestine subdivided into

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

33
Q

Large intestine divided into

A

Cecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal

34
Q

Vitamins, water, and electrolytes are reclaimed here

A

Large intestine

35
Q

Small intestine surface area is increased by

A

Cilia
Microvilli
Villi

36
Q

Internal sphincter is under ____ control while external sphincter is under _____ control

A

Involuntary
Voluntary

37
Q

Bacteria in the large intestine functions

A

Colonize the colon
Ferment indigestible carbs
Release irritating acids and gases
Synthesizer B complex vitamins and vit K

38
Q

Liver processes what and stores what

A

Blood borne nutrients
Fat soluble vitamins

39
Q

Pancreas
endocrine function
Exocrine function

A

Release of insulin and glucagon
Secrete pancreatic juice

40
Q

Saturated fats are ___ at room temp while unsaturated fats are ___

A

Solid
Liquid

41
Q

Kidney functions

A

Filter blood
Regulate volume and makeup of blood
Maintain balance of water, salts, acids, bases
Gluconeogenesis
Renin
Activates vit D

42
Q

Renal capsule prevents

A

Kidney infection

43
Q

Adipose capsule is a fatty mass that

A

Cushions and helps attach to body wall

44
Q

Renal fascia is dense fibrous tissue that

A

Anchors the kidney

45
Q

Nerve supply is via the

A

Renal plexus

46
Q

Nephrons are the structural and function units that

A

Form urine

47
Q

Bowman’s capsule performs

A

Filtration of blood

48
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule saves what
Reabsorbs what and secretes substances into it

A

Sugar and amino acids
water and solutes from filtrate

49
Q

Loop of Henle saves

A

Salt and water

50
Q

Distal convoluted tubule dumps

A

Toxins and acids

51
Q

Collecting ducts determines

A

Final concentration of urine

52
Q

3 steps that urine allow removal of nitrogenous wastes

A

Filtration forms filtrate from blood plasma
Reabsorption pull glucose, slats, water back into bloodstream
Secretion dump acids, drugs, toxins into filtrate

53
Q

2 capillary beds of a nephron

A

Glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries

54
Q

Glomerulus is where …
Fed by …
Drained by …

A

Blood is filtered
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole

55
Q

Why is pressure high in the glomerulus

A

High resistant vessels
Afferent larger diameter that efferent
Fluid and solutes are forces out

56
Q

Peritubular capillaries arise from …
Cling to …
Empty into ….
Are what pressure and adapted for what

A

Efferent arteriole
Adjacent renal tubules
Renal venous system
Low pressure
Adapted for absorption

57
Q

What duct carries bike to the gallbladder for storage and concentration until it is needed

A

Cystic duct

58
Q

What enzyme begins the breakdown of carbohydrates and what is it broken down into

A

Salivary amylase
Simple sugars

59
Q

What enzyme begins the breakdown of protein and what is it broken down into

A

Pepsin
Amino acids

60
Q

Pharynx, mouth, esophagus are all lined with what

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

61
Q

What is the substrate of an enzyme secretes by salivary glands

A

Starch

62
Q

What part of the small intestine is responsible for the most nutrient absorption

A

Jejunum

63
Q

What is involved in protein digestion

A

Pepsin
HCL
Trypsin

64
Q

What is a digestive function if the liver

A

Bile salt synthesis

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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