Module 11 Flashcards by jenna williams

Where are the kidneys located

Retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneal cavity
Superior lumbar region
R kidney is lower than the L bc it’s crowed by the liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of tissue does the esophagus have

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of tissue does the small intestine have

Simple columnar epithelial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of tissue does the nasal passages have

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The inner lining of the digestive tract is called the _____ and consists of ______ tissue

Mucosa
Epithelial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The next deepest layer of the digestive tract is called ____ and has large blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers

Submucosa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The next layer out of the digestive tract is composed of ____ muscle which cj tract to mix and role food

Smooth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The outer layer of the digestive tract is called ____ which is a membrane that produces a thin fluid to protect and lubricator the outside of the digestive tract

Serosa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Serosa is attached to membranes called ______ that suspend the digestive tract within the abdominal cavity

Messntries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The digestive tract moves food along using waves of contractions called

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The small intestine uses contractions called what to mix the contents

Segmentation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do you begin the chemical break down of
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Oral cavity
Stomach
Small intestine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 liver functions

Bile production
Hematological regulation
Metabolic regulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structure produces enzymes that can break down all classes of macromolecules

Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function if the pyloric sphincter

Prevents food from leaving the stomach before it becomes chyme

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of the esophageal sphincter

Prevents backflow from the stomach into the esophagus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the parts of the functional unit in order that filtrate would pass through where it’s produced until it leaves the kidney (8)

Renal corpuscle ( glomerulus & capsule)
PCT
loop of henle
DCT
collecting duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What enzyme is produced by the kidneys when blood volume / BP decreases

Renin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What effect does angiotensin have on the blood

Increase BP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What hormone directly affects the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts

ADH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What hormone stimulates the reabsorption of na and secretion of k

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Building blocks of …
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of …
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

Source of energy
Energy, cell function, vitamin absorption
Repair cells, make new cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is anabolism

Synthesis of new organic molecules

Smaller molecules assembled into larger ones (energy required)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is catabolism

Breakdown of organic substrates, releases energy used to synthesize high energy compounds (ATP) Larger molecules broken down to small ones (energy released)

What organs/structures make sup the alimentary canal

Mouth Pharynx Stomach Small/large intestine

What are the accessory digestive organs

Teeth Tongue Gallbladder Salivary glands Liver Pancreas

The 6 GI tract activities

Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion Absorption Defecation

Salivary amylase begins chemical break down of

Starch

Mouth is lined with

Stratified squamous epithelium

Chemical breakdown of proteins begins with

Pepsin and HCL

Small intestine subdivided into

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Large intestine divided into

Cecum Appendix Colon Rectum Anal canal

Vitamins, water, and electrolytes are reclaimed here

Large intestine

Small intestine surface area is increased by

Cilia Microvilli Villi

Internal sphincter is under ____ control while external sphincter is under _____ control

Involuntary Voluntary

Bacteria in the large intestine functions

Colonize the colon Ferment indigestible carbs Release irritating acids and gases Synthesizer B complex vitamins and vit K

Liver processes what and stores what

Blood borne nutrients Fat soluble vitamins

Pancreas endocrine function Exocrine function

Release of insulin and glucagon Secrete pancreatic juice

Saturated fats are ___ at room temp while unsaturated fats are ___

Solid Liquid

Kidney functions

Filter blood Regulate volume and makeup of blood Maintain balance of water, salts, acids, bases Gluconeogenesis Renin Activates vit D

Renal capsule prevents

Kidney infection

Adipose capsule is a fatty mass that

Cushions and helps attach to body wall

Renal fascia is dense fibrous tissue that

Anchors the kidney

Nerve supply is via the

Renal plexus

Nephrons are the structural and function units that

Form urine

Bowman’s capsule performs

Filtration of blood

Proximal convoluted tubule saves what Reabsorbs what and secretes substances into it

Sugar and amino acids water and solutes from filtrate

Loop of Henle saves

Salt and water

Distal convoluted tubule dumps

Toxins and acids

Collecting ducts determines

Final concentration of urine

3 steps that urine allow removal of nitrogenous wastes

Filtration forms filtrate from blood plasma Reabsorption pull glucose, slats, water back into bloodstream Secretion dump acids, drugs, toxins into filtrate

2 capillary beds of a nephron

Glomerulus Peritubular capillaries

Glomerulus is where … Fed by … Drained by …

Blood is filtered Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole

Why is pressure high in the glomerulus

High resistant vessels Afferent larger diameter that efferent Fluid and solutes are forces out

Peritubular capillaries arise from … Cling to … Empty into …. Are what pressure and adapted for what

Efferent arteriole Adjacent renal tubules Renal venous system Low pressure Adapted for absorption

What duct carries bike to the gallbladder for storage and concentration until it is needed

Cystic duct

What enzyme begins the breakdown of carbohydrates and what is it broken down into

Salivary amylase Simple sugars

What enzyme begins the breakdown of protein and what is it broken down into

Pepsin Amino acids

Pharynx, mouth, esophagus are all lined with what

Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the substrate of an enzyme secretes by salivary glands

Starch

What part of the small intestine is responsible for the most nutrient absorption

Jejunum

What is involved in protein digestion

Pepsin HCL Trypsin

What is a digestive function if the liver

Bile salt synthesis