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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 3.0 > Flashcards

Module 3.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane function

A
  • surrounds cell
  • selectively permeable
  • ion channels
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2
Q

Ribosome function

A
  • RNA & protein
  • make proteins used in cell or to export
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3
Q

Nucleus function

A
  • contains DNA
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4
Q

Lysosome function

A
  • cell death
  • food particle break down
  • breaks down disease-causing organisms
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5
Q

Cilia function

A
  • move things across the surface of the cell
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6
Q

Microvilli function

A
  • increases surface area for nutrient absorption
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7
Q

Rough ER function

A
  • synthesizes proteins for packaging in vesicles
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8
Q

Smooth ER function

A
  • fat metabolism
  • detox of toxic substances
  • synthesizes lipids
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9
Q

Mitochondria function

A
  • converts sugars, energy-rich molecules into ATP
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10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  • package/concentrates/modifies molecules for transport out of cell
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11
Q

Osteoporosis is a condition involving bone loss, affects which of the following?

A

supporting connective tissue

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12
Q

which type of muscle tissue is found in layers around the respiratory and reproductive tracts?

A

smooth

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13
Q

hormones are secretions from what?

A

endocrine glands

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14
Q

which major tissue type is responsible for the production of glandular secretions

A

epithelia

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15
Q

which structure lies between the epithelium and underlying connective tissues?

A

basement membrane

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16
Q

which type of epithelium is found in portions of the kidney tubules, thyroid gland, glands, and ducts?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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17
Q

what regenerates the most rapidly

A

skin

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18
Q

production of what is stimulated by UV radiation?

A

vitamin D3

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19
Q

what role does subcutaneous fat serve?

A

reduces heat loss, energy reserve, shock absorber

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20
Q

what is a location of thick skin?

A

soles, palms

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21
Q

which epidermal strata contains cells with the highest rate of cell division?

A

stratum basale

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22
Q

which epidermal layer contains the most keratin

A

stratum corneum

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23
Q

which gland produces lubricating secretions with antibacterial properties, to protect most of the skin

A

sebaceous

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24
Q

which gland is found in the axillary/inguinal area?

A

aprocrine

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25
Q

what skin cancer will often appear as a darkly pigmented spot?

A

melanoma

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26
Q

what is the critical percentage of burn coverage that may threaten homeostatic functions?

A

more than 20%

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27
Q

nucleoli are organelles that synthesize what?

A

rRNA

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28
Q

Which organelle in the cell produces new phospholipids for use in the plasma membrane

A

smooth ER

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29
Q

the production of specialized cells from stem cells is know as what?

A

differentiation

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30
Q

in the membrane “skin” of a cell, what makes up the hydrophobic interior region?

A

fatty acid tails

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31
Q

what organelle is associated with ribosomes

A

rough ER

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32
Q

what organelle is involved in membrane flow

A

golgi apparatus, er, transport vesicles

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33
Q

what will happen to a human cell in a hypertonic solution?

A

shrink/shrivel/crenate

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34
Q

what attaches to and moves chromosomes apart during mitosis?

A

spindle fibers

35
Q

what part of the cell disintegrates during mitosis

A

nuclear membrane

36
Q

the centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis

A

prophase

37
Q

the sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis

A

anaphase
move away

38
Q

at the end of the mitotic phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called

A

cytokinesis

39
Q

which organelle has been called cellular “suicide packets”

A

lysosome

40
Q

the process of mRNA formation is called?

A

transcription

41
Q

in which tumor are the cells confined within a connective tissue capsule (it has nor moved from its original location)?

A

benign tumor

42
Q

what cytoskeleton component is involved in cell division?

A

centriole

43
Q

in what organelle are steroids, triglycerides, and phospholipids synthesized?

A

smooth er

44
Q

what structure carries the instructions for building a specific protein?

A

gene

45
Q

in the cell cycle, what stage comes between g1 and g2, and is the time during which dna replicates?

A

s phase

46
Q

in what phase of mitosis do chromosomes all lie equally distant from both poles of the cell?

A

metaphase

47
Q

what must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

A

chromosomes must be duplicated

48
Q

the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

A

metaphase

49
Q

the chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

A

telophase

50
Q

muscle does what?

A

contracts

51
Q

smooth muscle
where and what does it do

A
  • in walls of hollow organs/tubes
  • moves things along
52
Q

cardiac muscle
where and what does it do

A
  • heart
  • pumps blood
53
Q

skeletal muscle
where and what does it do

A
  • attached to skeleton
  • movement / heat
54
Q

connective tissue does what?

A

connects, lots of matric

55
Q

“proper” connective
where and what does it do

A

loose = adipose
rope-like = tendon/ligaments

56
Q

fluid connective
where and what does it do

A

lymph = ECF that went into lymph vessels to be checked out
blood = transport

57
Q

supportive connect
where and what

A

cartilage and bone

58
Q

3 cartilage

A

hyaline = entire embryo skeleton
fibrous = intervertebral disks, knees
elastic = ear

59
Q

epithelial does what?

A

lines and covers everything

60
Q

simple squamous
where and what

A
  • diffusion filtration
  • lungs
61
Q

simple cuboidal
where and what

A
  • secrete stuff
    -glands (endo/exocrine)
62
Q

simple columnar
where and what

A

microvilli - small intestines
cilia - resp. , repro.

63
Q

stratifies squamous
where and what

A
  • skin
  • protect
64
Q

transition
where and what

A

-urinary bladder
-stretchy

65
Q

4 membranes

A

-mucous
-synovial
-serous
-cutaneous

66
Q

mucous membrane does what

A
  • lines cavities open to the outside
    -trap particles, lubricate/protect
67
Q

serous membrane does what

A

-lines cavities that aren’t open to the outside
- reduces friction in cavities

68
Q

synovial membrane does what

A

-lines cavities in synovial joins
- lubricates

69
Q

cutaneous membrane does what

A

-skin
-protects

70
Q

What is the function of simple columnar?

A

absorption and secretion

71
Q

Where may you find simple squamous epithelium?

A

alveolar sacs of the lungs

72
Q

where may you find simple cuboidal

A

kidney tubules

73
Q

what is the function of transitional

A

elasticity, expansion

74
Q

what is histology

A

study of tissues

75
Q

what is the function of blood

A

transports nutrients, gases, waste, etc

76
Q

where is simple columnar located?

A

large intestine

77
Q

what best corresponds to the function of simple squamous

A

diffusion

78
Q

where is pseudostratified columnar located?

A

trachea

79
Q

where is stratified squamous located?

A

mouth, esophagus, anus

80
Q

where is transitional located

A

ureter, urinary bladder

81
Q

where is areolar (loose ct) located?

A

surrounding organ, under epithelia

82
Q

function of stratified squamous?

A

protection from abrasion and infection

83
Q

function of pseudostratified columnar?

A

secretion, movement of mucus

84
Q

function of areolar (loose ct)

A

wraps, cushions, holds defense cells/fluids

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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