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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The NS uses _____ sent along neurons to communicate with different parts of the body

A

Electric impulses
(Action Potentials)

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2
Q

Neurons that carry signals to the CNS

A

Afferent

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3
Q

Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to muscle and glands, called effectors.

A

Efferent

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4
Q

Control skeletal muscles through the ____ NS

A

Somatic

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5
Q

Control automatic functions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions through the ____ NS

A

Autonomic

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6
Q

Efferent neurons carry outgoing signals to ____ and ____ NS

A

Somatic
Autonomic

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7
Q

Receives incoming signals

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

Carries outgoing signals from the neuron

A

Axon

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9
Q

Difference between sensory and motor neurons

A

Sensory - info into the CNS, incoming
Motor - info from the CNS, outgoing

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10
Q

How are myelinated and unmyelinated neurons different structurally and functionally?

A

Myelinated axons have a myelin sheath that causes a signal to move faster

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11
Q

The PNS has areas that are clusters of neuron cell bodies called

A

Ganglia

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12
Q

The CNS has areas that are clusters of neuron cell bodies called

A

Nuclei/centers

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13
Q

A bundle of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function

A

Tract

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14
Q

Describe ventricles and what they contain

A

Spaces w/I the brain that contain CSF. Choroid plexus produce the CSF

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15
Q

Brain region responsible for problem solving, emotional control, consequential thinking, and complex movement

A

Cerebrum

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16
Q

Brain region responsible for final relaying and processing of sensory info to send to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

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17
Q

Brain region responsible for autonomic function (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate)

A

Medulla oblongata

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18
Q

Brain region responsible for processing visual and auditory reflexes and smoothing learned motor responses

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

Brain region responsible for connecting the cerebellum to the brain stem

A

Pons

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20
Q

What 3 regions are responsible for producing hormones

A

Pineal, pituitary, hypothalamus

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21
Q

Organized for vision; conscious seeing

A

Occipital lobe

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22
Q

Interpretation of auditory sensations; olfactory; language; emotional behavior

A

Temporal lobe

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23
Q

Intellectual processes; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles; translation of though patterns into speech; personality; olfaction

A

Frontal

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24
Q

Interpretation of cutaneous and muscular sensations; use of symbols in understanding

A

Parietal lobe

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25
Q

Largest region of brain; site of origin conscious though and intellectual functions

A

Cerebrum

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26
Q

White matter that lies beneath the cerebral cortex; connects the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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27
Q

3 parts of the diencephalon

A

Epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus

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28
Q

Contains the pineal body and the choroid plexus

A

Epithalamus

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29
Q

Final relay point for all ascending sensory info to the primary sensory cortex; acts as a filter

A

Thalamus

30
Q

Contains centers associated with emotions of rage, pleasure, pain, thirst, hunger, and sexual, normal body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A

Pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain

32
Q

What are the enlarged regions of the spinal cord

A

Cervical and lumbar
-lots of nerve branch off

33
Q

Where is the gray matter in the spinal cord located, what is found within it?

A

Interior
Dendrites, cell bodies, axon terminals, neuralgia, unmyelinated axons

34
Q

Where is the white matter of the spinal cord placated, what is found within it

A

Around the grey
Myelinated axons

35
Q

What neuron does the dorsal root contain

A

Sensory

36
Q

What neuron does the ventral root contain

A

Motor

37
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

38
Q

CNS processes incoming …?

A

Information and sends out commands

39
Q

Efferent Division carries commands …?

A

from the CNS to the body
-Motor commands

40
Q

Autonomic NS carries commands …?

A

To internal structures
-involuntary

41
Q

Somatic NS carries commands …?

A

From CNS to the effector

42
Q

Sympathetic division saying

A

Fight or flight

43
Q

Parasympathetic division saying

A

Rest and digest

44
Q

Sensory olfaction nerve

A

Olfactory

45
Q

Vision sensory nerve

A

Optic

46
Q

Motor - eye movement nerve
Eyelid elevation
Pupil constriction

A

Oculomotor

47
Q

Motor eye movement down and out nerve

A

Trochlear

48
Q

Facial sensation nerve
Tongue sensation
Biting chewing

A

Trigeminal

49
Q

Motor eye movement
Abducts the eye

A

Abducens

50
Q

Motor - facial expression nerve
Taste
Saliva and tears

A

Facial

51
Q

Sensory - hearing and balance nerve

A

Vestibulocochlear

52
Q

Sensory - taste and sensation nerve
Swallowing
Saliva

A

Glossopharyngeal

53
Q

Sensory and motor nerve
Pharynx larynx
Taste
Swallowing, speech,
Heart rate and stuff

A

Vagus

54
Q

Motor - shrugging nerve
Turn/ tilt head

A

Accessory

55
Q

Motor - tongue movement nerve
Under tongue

A

Hypoglossal

56
Q

Simple reflex
1

A

Sensory receptors detect stimulus and carrys impulse to CNS

57
Q

Simple reflex
2

A

CNS processes sensory info

58
Q

Simple reflex
3

A

Axon of motor neuron carrys impulse from CNS to effector

59
Q

Simple reflex
4

A

Effector (muscle/gland) produces desired action

60
Q

A neuron either fires or it doesn’t. This principle is called

A

All-or-none

61
Q

The trans membrane potential of a resting neuron is

A

-70 mv

62
Q

A cell at rest is more polarized because it has _____ and _____ outside the cell and more _____ and _____ inside the cell

A

Sodium, calcium
Potassium, proteins

63
Q

At rest, _____ leak into the cell while _____ ions leak outside the cell

A

Sodium
Potassium

64
Q

The sodium-potassium exchange pump counters the leaking by and moves 2 _____ into the cell and 3 _____ outside the cell

A

Potassium
Sodium

65
Q

The purpose the the exchange pump is to maintain the

A

Resting membrane potential

66
Q

When the cell is stimulated ___ ions diffuse into the cell

A

Sodium

67
Q

If a cell reaches threshold which is -55mv, ____ channels open allowing the ions to rush in

A

Sodium

68
Q

Sodium ions rush into the cell until it is ___ mv

A

+30

69
Q

When the membrane cannot generate another AP

A

Absolute refractory period

70
Q

When the membrane can generate another AP but needs a larger stimulus

A

Relative refractory period

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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