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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The NS uses _____ sent along neurons to communicate with different parts of the body

A

Electric impulses
(Action Potentials)

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2
Q

Neurons that carry signals to the CNS

A

Afferent

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3
Q

Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to muscle and glands, called effectors.

A

Efferent

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4
Q

Control skeletal muscles through the ____ NS

A

Somatic

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5
Q

Control automatic functions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions through the ____ NS

A

Autonomic

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6
Q

Efferent neurons carry outgoing signals to ____ and ____ NS

A

Somatic
Autonomic

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7
Q

Receives incoming signals

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

Carries outgoing signals from the neuron

A

Axon

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9
Q

Difference between sensory and motor neurons

A

Sensory - info into the CNS, incoming
Motor - info from the CNS, outgoing

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10
Q

How are myelinated and unmyelinated neurons different structurally and functionally?

A

Myelinated axons have a myelin sheath that causes a signal to move faster

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11
Q

The PNS has areas that are clusters of neuron cell bodies called

A

Ganglia

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12
Q

The CNS has areas that are clusters of neuron cell bodies called

A

Nuclei/centers

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13
Q

A bundle of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function

A

Tract

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14
Q

Describe ventricles and what they contain

A

Spaces w/I the brain that contain CSF. Choroid plexus produce the CSF

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15
Q

Brain region responsible for problem solving, emotional control, consequential thinking, and complex movement

A

Cerebrum

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16
Q

Brain region responsible for final relaying and processing of sensory info to send to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

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17
Q

Brain region responsible for autonomic function (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate)

A

Medulla oblongata

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18
Q

Brain region responsible for processing visual and auditory reflexes and smoothing learned motor responses

A

Midbrain

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19
Q

Brain region responsible for connecting the cerebellum to the brain stem

A

Pons

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20
Q

What 3 regions are responsible for producing hormones

A

Pineal, pituitary, hypothalamus

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21
Q

Organized for vision; conscious seeing

A

Occipital lobe

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22
Q

Interpretation of auditory sensations; olfactory; language; emotional behavior

A

Temporal lobe

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23
Q

Intellectual processes; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles; translation of though patterns into speech; personality; olfaction

A

Frontal

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24
Q

Interpretation of cutaneous and muscular sensations; use of symbols in understanding

A

Parietal lobe

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25
Largest region of brain; site of origin conscious though and intellectual functions
Cerebrum
26
White matter that lies beneath the cerebral cortex; connects the cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
27
3 parts of the diencephalon
Epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus
28
Contains the pineal body and the choroid plexus
Epithalamus
29
Final relay point for all ascending sensory info to the primary sensory cortex; acts as a filter
Thalamus
30
Contains centers associated with emotions of rage, pleasure, pain, thirst, hunger, and sexual, normal body temperature
Hypothalamus
31
3 parts of the brain stem
Pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain
32
What are the enlarged regions of the spinal cord
Cervical and lumbar -lots of nerve branch off
33
Where is the gray matter in the spinal cord located, what is found within it?
Interior Dendrites, cell bodies, axon terminals, neuralgia, unmyelinated axons
34
Where is the white matter of the spinal cord placated, what is found within it
Around the grey Myelinated axons
35
What neuron does the dorsal root contain
Sensory
36
What neuron does the ventral root contain
Motor
37
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
38
CNS processes incoming …?
Information and sends out commands
39
Efferent Division carries commands …?
from the CNS to the body -Motor commands
40
Autonomic NS carries commands …?
To internal structures -involuntary
41
Somatic NS carries commands …?
From CNS to the effector
42
Sympathetic division saying
Fight or flight
43
Parasympathetic division saying
Rest and digest
44
Sensory olfaction nerve
Olfactory
45
Vision sensory nerve
Optic
46
Motor - eye movement nerve Eyelid elevation Pupil constriction
Oculomotor
47
Motor eye movement down and out nerve
Trochlear
48
Facial sensation nerve Tongue sensation Biting chewing
Trigeminal
49
Motor eye movement Abducts the eye
Abducens
50
Motor - facial expression nerve Taste Saliva and tears
Facial
51
Sensory - hearing and balance nerve
Vestibulocochlear
52
Sensory - taste and sensation nerve Swallowing Saliva
Glossopharyngeal
53
Sensory and motor nerve Pharynx larynx Taste Swallowing, speech, Heart rate and stuff
Vagus
54
Motor - shrugging nerve Turn/ tilt head
Accessory
55
Motor - tongue movement nerve Under tongue
Hypoglossal
56
Simple reflex 1
Sensory receptors detect stimulus and carrys impulse to CNS
57
Simple reflex 2
CNS processes sensory info
58
Simple reflex 3
Axon of motor neuron carrys impulse from CNS to effector
59
Simple reflex 4
Effector (muscle/gland) produces desired action
60
A neuron either fires or it doesn’t. This principle is called
All-or-none
61
The trans membrane potential of a resting neuron is
-70 mv
62
A cell at rest is more polarized because it has _____ and _____ outside the cell and more _____ and _____ inside the cell
Sodium, calcium Potassium, proteins
63
At rest, _____ leak into the cell while _____ ions leak outside the cell
Sodium Potassium
64
The sodium-potassium exchange pump counters the leaking by and moves 2 _____ into the cell and 3 _____ outside the cell
Potassium Sodium
65
The purpose the the exchange pump is to maintain the
Resting membrane potential
66
When the cell is stimulated ___ ions diffuse into the cell
Sodium
67
If a cell reaches threshold which is -55mv, ____ channels open allowing the ions to rush in
Sodium
68
Sodium ions rush into the cell until it is ___ mv
+30
69
When the membrane cannot generate another AP
Absolute refractory period
70
When the membrane can generate another AP but needs a larger stimulus
Relative refractory period

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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