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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Mothers immune system gave you antibodies through the placenta

A

Natural passive

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2
Q

Received an injection of antibodies to protect against an certain disease

A

Artificial passive

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3
Q

Received microbes from an infected person which caused your immune system to make antibodies

A

Natural active

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4
Q

Exposed to a weak/dead microbe via injection

A

Artificial active

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5
Q

A substance that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response

A

Antigen

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6
Q

The ultimate targets of all immune responses are

A

Large complex molecules not found in the body

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7
Q

Incomplete antigens, can link up and be seen as an invader, poison ivy, dander…

A

Hapten

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8
Q

Microscopic organism that causes disease

A

Pathogens

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9
Q

Pathogen examples

A

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasite

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10
Q

Lymphoid system protects against what

A

Disease

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11
Q

Lymphatic system is a _____ _____ system which lymph flows toward the ____

A

One way
Heart

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12
Q

Lymph capillaries absorb

A

Cell debri
Pathogens
Cancer cells
Cleanse and examines the debri

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13
Q

Tissue fluid that’s entered a lymphatic capillary

A

Lymph

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14
Q

Lymphatic capillary roles

A

Absorb dietary fats
Deliver fats to bloodstream
Deliver foreign particles to lymph nodes

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15
Q

Right lymphatic duct drains what

A

Right upper arm
Right side of head
Thorax

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16
Q

Thoracic duct drains what

A

Rest of body

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17
Q

Macrophages _____ foreign matter

A

Phagocytize
(Ingest/engulf)

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18
Q

5-10% of lymphocytes
Immunological surveillance
Attack foreign cells/virus-infected/ cancer cells

A

Natural Killer cells NK

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19
Q

10-15% of lymphocytes
Change into plasma cells

A

B cells

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20
Q

Plasma cells produce and secrete what

A

Antibodies
Immunoglobulin proteins

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21
Q

Antibody mediated immunity is a chain of events that

A

Destroys the target compound/organism

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22
Q

Helper T cells act as what and do what

A

Army general
Direct the response

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23
Q

2 functions of lymph nodes

A

Filtration - macrophages destroy microorganisms/debris
Immune system activation - monitor for antigen and plan attack

24
Q

3 functions of the spleen

A

Removal of abnormal cells
Storage of iron
Starts immune responses

25
Q

Peyers patches function

A

Destroy bacteria
Generate memory lymphocytes

26
Q

What does MALT protect

A

Digestive / respiratory systems from foreign matter

27
Q

First line of defense

A

Physical barrier

28
Q

Second line of defense

A

Phagocytes - attack and remove
Macrophages - engulf
Inflammation

29
Q

Inflammatory response is triggered when and prevents what

A

Whenever body tissues are injured
Spread of damaging agents to nearby tissues

30
Q

4 signs of inflammation

A

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain

31
Q

Interferons are chemical messengers that trigger what in normal cells

A

Production of antiviral proteins

32
Q

Antiviral proteins block what

A

Replication in cell

33
Q

What is an antigen- presenting cell

A

Macrophages that have engulfed a foreign substance

34
Q

B cells oversee what immunity

A

Humoral

35
Q

B cells are responsible for what and attack antigens by producing what

A

Antibody- mediated immunity
Specific antibodies

36
Q

Antibodies ____ the antigen until _____ can destroy it

A

Trap
WBCs

37
Q

Primary immune response is the ___ exposure to a specific antigen, lag period, antibody levels?

A

First
3-6 days
10 days

38
Q

Secondary immune response is the ___ exposure to a specific antigen, lag period, antibody levels?

A

Re-exposure
Respond within hours
2-3 days

39
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange surface areas between air and circulating blood
Moves air to and from exchange surfaces
Protects from outside environment
Sounds
Olfactory

40
Q

Alveoli are air filled pockets within the lungs where

A

All gas exchange takes place

41
Q

Components of the respiratory defense system

A

Mucous cells/glands
Cilia - sweep debris toward pharynx
Filtration - removes large particles
Alveolar macrophages

42
Q

What cleans and moistens the nasal cavity

A

Mucous secretions and tears

43
Q

Pharynx is a chamber shared by

A

Digestive and respiratory system

44
Q

What makes up the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract

A

Alveoli
Smallest bronchioles

45
Q

External respiration includes all processes involved in

A

Exchanging O2 and CO2 with the environment

46
Q

Interns respiration / cellular, involves the

A

Uptake of O2 and production of CO2 witching individual cells

47
Q

Three processes of external respiration

A

Pulmonary ventilation
Gas diffusion/exchange
Transport of O and CO

48
Q

Pulmonary ventilation is

A

Breathing
Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs

49
Q

Has diffusion/exchange occurs between

A

Blood and alveolar air across respiratory membrane

50
Q

Compliance is an indicator of what
Low requires
High requires

A

Expandability
Greater force
Less force

51
Q

Factors that affect compliance

A

Connective tissue’s structure
Level of surfactant production
Mobility of thoracic cage

52
Q

Deep breathing is dominated by

A

Diaphragm

53
Q

Shallow breathing is dominated by

A

Rib cage movements

54
Q

Blood arriving in pulmonary arteries has

A

Low PO
high PCO

55
Q

Environment factors affecting hemoglobin

A

PO if blood
Blood ph
Temperature

56
Q

CO in the bloodstream may be

A

Converted to carbonic acid
Bound to protein portion of hemoglobin
Dissolved in plasma

57
Q

Chloride shift - as bicarbonate ions diffuse out of RBC chloride ions from plasma diffuse

A

Into cells to maintain the electrical charge

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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