Module 10 Flashcards by jenna williams

Mothers immune system gave you antibodies through the placenta

Natural passive

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Received an injection of antibodies to protect against an certain disease

Artificial passive

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Received microbes from an infected person which caused your immune system to make antibodies

Natural active

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Exposed to a weak/dead microbe via injection

Artificial active

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A substance that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response

Antigen

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The ultimate targets of all immune responses are

Large complex molecules not found in the body

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Incomplete antigens, can link up and be seen as an invader, poison ivy, dander…

Hapten

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Microscopic organism that causes disease

Pathogens

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Pathogen examples

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasite

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Lymphoid system protects against what

Disease

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Lymphatic system is a _____ _____ system which lymph flows toward the ____

One way
Heart

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Lymph capillaries absorb

Cell debri
Pathogens
Cancer cells
Cleanse and examines the debri

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Tissue fluid that’s entered a lymphatic capillary

Lymph

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Lymphatic capillary roles

Absorb dietary fats
Deliver fats to bloodstream
Deliver foreign particles to lymph nodes

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Right lymphatic duct drains what

Right upper arm
Right side of head
Thorax

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Thoracic duct drains what

Rest of body

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Macrophages _____ foreign matter

Phagocytize
(Ingest/engulf)

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5-10% of lymphocytes
Immunological surveillance
Attack foreign cells/virus-infected/ cancer cells

Natural Killer cells NK

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10-15% of lymphocytes
Change into plasma cells

B cells

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Plasma cells produce and secrete what

Antibodies
Immunoglobulin proteins

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Antibody mediated immunity is a chain of events that

Destroys the target compound/organism

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Helper T cells act as what and do what

Army general
Direct the response

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2 functions of lymph nodes

Filtration - macrophages destroy microorganisms/debris
Immune system activation - monitor for antigen and plan attack

3 functions of the spleen

Removal of abnormal cells
Storage of iron
Starts immune responses

Peyers patches function

Destroy bacteria Generate memory lymphocytes

What does MALT protect

Digestive / respiratory systems from foreign matter

First line of defense

Physical barrier

Second line of defense

Phagocytes - attack and remove Macrophages - engulf Inflammation

Inflammatory response is triggered when and prevents what

Whenever body tissues are injured Spread of damaging agents to nearby tissues

4 signs of inflammation

Redness Heat Swelling Pain

Interferons are chemical messengers that trigger what in normal cells

Production of antiviral proteins

Antiviral proteins block what

Replication in cell

What is an antigen- presenting cell

Macrophages that have engulfed a foreign substance

B cells oversee what immunity

Humoral

B cells are responsible for what and attack antigens by producing what

Antibody- mediated immunity Specific antibodies

Antibodies ____ the antigen until _____ can destroy it

Trap WBCs

Primary immune response is the ___ exposure to a specific antigen, lag period, antibody levels?

First 3-6 days 10 days

Secondary immune response is the ___ exposure to a specific antigen, lag period, antibody levels?

Re-exposure Respond within hours 2-3 days

Functions of the respiratory system

Gas exchange surface areas between air and circulating blood Moves air to and from exchange surfaces Protects from outside environment Sounds Olfactory

Alveoli are air filled pockets within the lungs where

All gas exchange takes place

Components of the respiratory defense system

Mucous cells/glands Cilia - sweep debris toward pharynx Filtration - removes large particles Alveolar macrophages

What cleans and moistens the nasal cavity

Mucous secretions and tears

Pharynx is a chamber shared by

Digestive and respiratory system

What makes up the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract

Alveoli Smallest bronchioles

External respiration includes all processes involved in

Exchanging O2 and CO2 with the environment

Interns respiration / cellular, involves the

Uptake of O2 and production of CO2 witching individual cells

Three processes of external respiration

Pulmonary ventilation Gas diffusion/exchange Transport of O and CO

Pulmonary ventilation is

Breathing Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs

Has diffusion/exchange occurs between

Blood and alveolar air across respiratory membrane

Compliance is an indicator of what Low requires High requires

Expandability Greater force Less force

Factors that affect compliance

Connective tissue’s structure Level of surfactant production Mobility of thoracic cage

Deep breathing is dominated by

Diaphragm

Shallow breathing is dominated by

Rib cage movements

Blood arriving in pulmonary arteries has

Low PO high PCO

Environment factors affecting hemoglobin

PO if blood Blood ph Temperature

CO in the bloodstream may be

Converted to carbonic acid Bound to protein portion of hemoglobin Dissolved in plasma

Chloride shift - as bicarbonate ions diffuse out of RBC chloride ions from plasma diffuse

Into cells to maintain the electrical charge