Module 45 - Infancy and Childhood: Social Development

Question 1

Stanger anxiety

Answer 1

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

Question 2

Attachment

Answer 2

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 3

Critical period

Answer 3

An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Question 4

Imprinting

Answer 4

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Question 5

Strange situation

Answer 5

A procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child’s reactions are observed

Question 6

Secure attachment

Answer 6

Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, show only temporary distress when the caregiver leaves, and find comfort in the caregiver’s return

Question 7

Insecure attachment

Answer 7

Demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging, anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment that resists closeness

Question 8

Temperament

Answer 8

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 9

Basic trust

Answer 9

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences and responsive caregivers

Question 10

Anxious attachment

Answer 10

Where people constantly crave acceptance but remain vigilant to signs of possible rejection

Question 11

Avoidant attachment

Answer 11

Where people experience discomfort getting close to others and use avoidant strategies to maintain distance from others

Question 12

Self-concept

Answer 12

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves; our identity