Module 29 - Biology, Cognition, and Learning Flashcards
Preparedness
A biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival value
Instinctive drift
The tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns
Cognitive map
A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment
Latent learning
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
Insight
A sudden realization of a problem’s solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
Intrinsic motivation
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
Extrinsic motivation
A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
Problem-focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress directly—by changing the stressor or the way we interact with it
Emotion-focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
Personal control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
Learned helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
External locus of control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
Internal locus of control
The perception that we control our own fate
Self-control
The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards
Instinctive drift and latent learning are examples of what important idea?
The success of operant conditioning is affected not just by environmental clues, but also by biological and cognitive factors
