Module 11 - Studying the Brain, Older Brain Structures, and the Limbic System Flashcards
EEG (electroencephalogram)
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
MEG (magnetoencephalography)
A brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain’s natural electrical activity
CT (computed tomography) Scan
A series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain’s structure (also called a CAT scan)
PET (positron emission tomography)
A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy.
fMRI (functional MRI)
A technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive brain scans. fMRI scans show brain function as well as structure.
Brainstem
The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions
Medulla
The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
Thalamus
The brain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
Cerebellum
The “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, enabling nonverbal learning and memory, and directing essential activities (heart rate, etc).
Reticular formation
A nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal and consciousness (being asleep and awake).
Limbic System
Neural system (including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
Amygdala
Two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
Hypothalamus
A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
Pons
Helps coordinate movements and control sleep
