Module 31 - Studying and Encoding Memories Flashcards
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Recall
A measure of memory which the person must retrieve information learned earlier (ex: fill-in-the-blank test)
Recognition
Identifying items previously learned (ex: multiple-choice test)
Relearning
Learning something more quickly when learning it a second or at a later time.
Encoding
The process of getting information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning
Storage
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
What are the 3 steps in memory?
Encoding, storage, and retrieval
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly (such as digits of a phone number while calling), before the information is stored or forgotten
Long-term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
How do Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s three-stage model explain our memory-forming process?
- Sensory memory
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
Working memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Explicit memories (declarative memories)
Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Implicit memories (nondeclarative memories)
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
