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Radiation Protection > Module 4 Test > Flashcards

Module 4 Test Flashcards

1
Q

The intensity of an xray beam is lessened as the distance from its source increases is called the:

a.) half value layer
b.) inverse square law
c.) law of reciprocity
d.) exposure distance law

A

b.) inverse square law

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2
Q

If a technologist receives a dose of 1 Gy at 3 feet from the source, what is their new dose if they move to 4 feet from the source?

A

.56 Gy

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3
Q

Lead aprons are required to have a minimum of _________mm lead thickness, but most have ____________ mm
thickness

A

.25
.50

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4
Q

The annual dose for the public for FREQUENT exposure is:

a.) 10 msv
b.) 1 msv
c.) 50 msv
d.) 5 msv

A

b.) 1 msv

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5
Q

Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector?

a.) film badge dosimeter
b.) optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
c.) pocket ionization chamber
d.) thermoluminescent dosimeter

A

b.) optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

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6
Q

When performing a mobile radiograhic procedure, to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient, the radiographer must sue a minimal souce skin distance of:

a.) 45 cm
b.) 30 cm
c.) 38 cm
d.) 15 cm

A

b.) 30 cm

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7
Q

The lead curtain on a fixed fluoro unit should be the thickness of _____________mm.

a.) 1
b.) .50
c.) 2
d.) .25

A

d.) .25

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8
Q

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) is to:
1.) inspect imaging facilities
2.) oversee the nuclear energy industry
3.) regulate imaging facilities

a.) 1 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

c.) 2 only

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9
Q

Annual dose limits for the lens of the eye for occupational workers is 200 msv.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

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10
Q

The maximum time that may elaspe before the cumulative timer is activated on a fluoroscope is:

a.) 10 minutes
b.) 5 minutes
c.) 1 minutes
d.) 2 minutes

A

b.) 5 minutes

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11
Q

The cumulative effective dose limit does not include:
1.) exposure acquired as a consequence of a radiation worker undergoing medical imaging procedures
2.) radiation exposure from natural background radiation
3.) radiation exposure received while radiographers perform imaging procedures on patients

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 2 and 3 only

A

a.) 1 and 2 only

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12
Q

The primary barrier in an xray room is:

a.) protects from leakage and scatter radiation
b.) any barrier that is struck by the primary beam
c.) never struck by the primary beam
d.) lead thickness should be 1/32 in. thick

A

b.) any barrier that is struck by the primary beam

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13
Q

Each of the following is a type of gonad sheild except:

a.) flat contact
b.) shaped contact
c.) collimator
d.) shadow

A

c.) collimator

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14
Q

Special gonadal sheilds should be employed any time the gonads are _____________.

a.) directly in the primary beam
b.) being radiographed
c.) within 5 cm of the primary beam
d.) within 1 mm of the primary beam

A

c.) within 5 cm of the primary beam

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15
Q

The amount of time during the week that the tube is actually producing radiation is called the:

a.) time factor
b.) use factor
c.) occupancy factor
d.) work factor

A

d.) work factor

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16
Q

The operator of a mobile xray unit need not wear protective apparel as long as the cord attached to the exposure switch allows the operator to stand back 72’’

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

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17
Q

For primary radiation, what is the term that represents the time that the xray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week?

a.) use factor
b.) workload factor
c.) distance factor
d.) occupancy factor

A

a.) use factor

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18
Q

Personnel dosimeters protect the worker from ionizing radiation .

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

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19
Q

Scattered radiation to the lens of the eyes can be reduced by the use of protective eyeglasses that contain a minimal lead equivalent protection level of:

a.) 1.50 mm
b.) 0.05mm
c.) 0.35mm
d.) 0.001mm

A

c.) 0.35mm

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20
Q

A bucky slot cover protects:

a.) the tecnologists or radiologist gonadal level
b.) the patients gonadal level
c.) the patients abdominal level
d.) the technologists or radiologist thyroid level

A

a.) the technologists or radiologist gonadal level

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21
Q

Motion controlled by will is classified as voluntary motion. Lack of such control may be attributed to which of the following?
1.) the patients age
2.) breathing patterns or problems
3.) physical discomfort
4.) fear of the examination
5.) mental stability

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
b.) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
c.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
d.) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only

A

c.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

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22
Q

A compensating filter :

1.) increases patient dose
2.) attenuates xrays that strike the thinner area of the body part
3.) must be 2.5 mm of aluminum thick
4.) permits more xrays to strike the denser area of the body part

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2, 3 and 4
d.) 2 and 4

A

d.) 2 and 4

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23
Q

A nurse accompanies a child and his parents to the radiology department for a chest xray. Who is the best person to hold the child during the exam?

a.) the nurse
b.) mom
c.) another technologist
d.) dad

A

d.) dad

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24
Q

When performing a t spine exam on a teenage female patient, the best position for reducing exposure would be:

a.) posterior obliques (LPO, RPO)
b.) PA
c.) AP
d.) lateral

A

b.) PA

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25
Q

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose response is ____________.

a.) linear
b.) nonthreshold
c.) nonlinear
d.) threshold

A

b.) nonthreshold

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26
Q

A film screen combination of __________ will be the most effective at reducing patient dose.

a.) 350
b.) 400
c.) 100
d.) 50

A

b.) 400

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27
Q

A preganant worker should be removed from the fluoro, operating room, and portable schedule rotations until after delivery dose.

a.) yes
b.) no

A

b.) no

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28
Q

If a conference room is on the other side of the radiology room, which factor would be used to determine how much time that room is used during the week?

a.) use factor
b.) occupancy factor
c.) workload factor
d.) time factor

A

b.) occupancy factor

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29
Q

Which of the following is the reason why the ovaries should be sheilded whenever possible during all imaging procedures?

a.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage, but it cannot be passed on to future generations
b.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage that can be passed on to futures generations
c.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in genetic mutations that can be passed on to future generations
d.) there is no valid reason why the ovaries should be sheilded whenever possible during all imaging procedures

A

c.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in genetic mutations that can be passed on to future generations

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30
Q

A primary barrier should be ___________ in length from the floor upwards.

a.) 12 feet
b.) 10 feet
c.) 7 feet
d.) 5 feet

A

c.) 7 feet

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31
Q

A spot film device and bucky slot cover should both be __________ in lead thickness.

a.) 1mm
b.) .5mm
c.) 2mm
d.) .25 mm

A

d.) .25mm

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32
Q

What are the ways occupational dose is measured:

1.) ESE
2.) lens of the eye
3.) bone marrow dose
4.) gonadal dose
5.) whole body dose

a.) 1 and 4
b.) 1, 3 and 4
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 2, 3 and 5
e.) 2 and 5 only

A

e.) 2 and 5 only

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33
Q

At a distance of 1 meter, the xray beam should have scattered ___________ times.

a.) 1
b.) 5
c.) 2
d.) 3

A

c.) 2

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34
Q

Which grid ratio will yeild the least dose to the patient?

a.) 12:1
b.) 5:1
c.) 6:1
d.) 16:1

A

b.) 5:1

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35
Q

Which of the following must always be the first step of protection of the reproductive organs?

a.) use of digital imaging equipment
b.) use of a mobile protective sheilding device
c.) use of gonadal sheilding
d.) adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest

A

d.) adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest

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36
Q

Using gonadal sheilding can reduce exposure for females by ___________ % and males by ____________%

A

50
90-95

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37
Q

Genetic effects exposure to ionizing radiation occur as a result of radiation induced damage to the DNA molecule in which of the following?
1.) sperm of a man
2.) ova of a woman
3.) somatic cells of men and women

a.) 1
b.) 2
c.) 3
d.) 1 and 2

A

d.) 1 and 2

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38
Q

Methods of minimizing exposure dose during fluoroscopy are:
1.) intermittent exposure
2.) high kvp techniques
3.) using magnification mode

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 2 only

A

b.) 1 and 2 only

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39
Q

Which of the following increases the radiographers risk of exposure?
1.) c arm fluoroscopy
2.) interventional procedures that employ HLC
3.) mobile examinations

a.) 2 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

A

c.) 1, 2 and 3

40
Q

All filtration can be expressed in terms of the thickness of:

a.) Al/Eq
b.) Pb/Eq
c.) Sn/Eq
d.) HVL

A

a.) Al/Eq

41
Q

SSD for fixed fluoroscopy units should not be less than _____________?

A

15 inches

42
Q

Students should never hold patients unless they are properly sheilded.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

43
Q

Deterministic effects of ionizing radiation include all of the following except:

a.) sterility
b.) cancer
c.) cataracts
d.) skin erythema

A

b.) cancer

44
Q

If a technologist receives 1 Gy of radiation at 10 feet from the source, at what distance should they move to for a dose of .25 Gy?

a.) 2.77 ft
b.) 25 ft
c.) 400 ft
d.) 20 ft

A

d.) 20 ft

45
Q

The size of the xray beam should always be restricted to the size of the image receptor, not the area of clinical interest. T/F

A

False

46
Q

What would be an example of a high level control procedure?

a.) BE
b.) cardiac catherization
c.) IVU
d.) UGI

A

b.) cardiac catherization

47
Q

As compared to an AP abdomen, a PA abdomen reduces exposure to the kidneys.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

48
Q

As KVP _________, the probability of photoelectric absorption __________.

a.) increases, decreases
b.) decreases, decreases
c.) decreases, remains the same
d.) increases, remains the same

A

a.) increases, decreases

49
Q

Collimation:
1.) decreases patient dose
2.) increases image quality
3.) has no effect on image quality
4.) is required of the radiographer

a.) 2 and 4
b.) 1, 2 and 4
c.) 1, 3 and 4
d.) 1 and 2

A

d.) 1 and 2

50
Q

Explain Automatic Gain Control can be used as an alternative to maintain brightness during a fluoroscopy exam.

A
51
Q

The number of repeat radiographs can be reduced by:

a.) eliminating involuntary patient motion using immobilization devices
b.) disregarding communication between patient and radiographer
c.) eliminating voluntary patient motion using short exposure times
d.) eliminating voluntary patient motion using immobilization devices

A

d.) eliminating voluntary patient motion using immobilization devices

52
Q

While standing behind the control booth barrier, a radiographer makes an exposure, scatter from the patient body should:

a.) have as much energy as the primary beam when reaching any area behind the control booth
b.) scatter once before reaching the radiographer behind the control booth
c.) not have the energy to reach the radiographer standing behind the control booth
d.) scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching the radiographer behind the control booth

A

d.) scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching the radiographer behind the control booth

53
Q

Which of the following is the most versatile type of xray beam limitation device?

a.) aperature diaphragm
b.) collimator
c.) cone
d.) cylinder

A

b.) collimator

54
Q

Calculate the EqD:

A patient received 2 Gy of x radiation to the thyroid (wt=.05)

a.) 2 Sv
b.) .02Sv
c.) 0.1Sv
d.) 2 Gy

A

a.) 2 Sv

55
Q

Which of the following adjustments in technical exposure factors decreases the production of scattered radiation during routine radiographic procedures?

a.) decrease KVP and decrease MAS
b.) increase KVP and increase MAS
c.) increase KVP and decrease MAS in compensation
d.) decrease KVP and increase MAS in compensation

A

c.) increase KVP and decrease MAS in compensation

56
Q

According to the ACR, abdominal radiologic examinations that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient, including the possibility of pregnancy, need:

a.) to be postponed and scheduled at least 10 days after the onset of menses
b.) not to be postponed or selectively scheduled
c.) to be postponed and schedule at 10 days before onset of menses
d.) to be postponed or selectively scheduled

A

b.) not to be postponed or selectively scheduled

57
Q

A 20 year old female is brought into radioology from the emergency department with a possible fracture of the pelvis. What should the technologist do regarding gonadal sheilding?

a.) refuse to take any radiographs without the radiologist consent
b.) dont ask the patient about possible pregnancy so that you are not liable for any effects
c.) perform a PA projection of the pelvis and use gonadal sheilding
d.) take anteroposterior projection of pelvis without using any sheilding

A

d.) take anteroposterior projection of pelvis without using any sheilding

58
Q

The _____________ is the primary protective barrier for the fluoroscopic xray tube.

a.) image intensifier
b.) ceiling
c.) tabletop
d.) floor

A

a.) image intensifier

59
Q

Whenever the letter “M” appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies that an:

a.) equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time
b.) maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time
c.) mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose
d.) equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time

A

d.) equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time

60
Q

Lead shutters are part of the:

a.) collimator
b.) tube housing
c.) tube stand
d.) xray tube

A

a.) collimator

61
Q

If the distance between the individual and the source of radiation is doubled, the exposure to the individual will be reduced by a factor of _________.

a.) 4
b.) 12
c.) 2
d.) 3

A

a.) 4

62
Q

A radiograph of the abdomen demonstrates involuntary motion due to bowel peristalsis. Which of the following factors will best eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure?

a.) turn the patient into a prone position rather than supine
b.) decrease exposure time
c.) increase KV
d.) immobilize the patient

A

b.) decrease exposure time

63
Q

SSD for mobile xray units should not be less than ___________?

A

12 inches

64
Q

Explain how a C arm should be placed to reduce patient radiation dose.

A

The tube should be further away from the patient and the image intensifier should be closer to the patient to keep a minimal radiation dose.

65
Q

The amount of radiation a radiographer receives is inversely proportional to the length of exposure time.

a.) true
b.) false

A

b.) false

66
Q

Patient entrance skin exposure decreases an ____________.

a.) OID increases
b.) SID increases
c.) SOD decreases
d.) SID decreases

A

b.) SID increases

67
Q

At a distance of 1 meter, the intensity of the beam should be ______________ its original intensity.

a.) 1/2
b.) 1/500
c.) 1/100
d.) 1/1000

A

d.) 1/1000

68
Q

If a radiographer is exposed to 2 Gy of radiation during a fluoroscopic procedure at a distance of 1 foot, what is their exposure if they move to 6 foot?

a.) 72 Sv
b.) 33 sv
c.) .05 Sv
d.) 11 Sv

A

c.) .05 Sv

69
Q

Calculate EfD:

A patient received .5 Gy of alpha radiation to the lung (Wt=.12)

a.) 10
b.) 1.2
c.) 2.4
d.) .06

A

b.) 1.2

70
Q

If the technologist must stay in the room, where is the best place for them to stand?

a.) 6 feet away
b.) at the foot of the table
c.) at the door to the hallway
d.) 90 degrees to the source/patient

A

d.) 90 degrees to the source/patient

71
Q

To reduce an individuals exposure to ionizing radiation, each one of the following principles should be applied except:

a.) reduce the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the radiation source
b.) increase the distance between the individual and the radiation source
c.) wear the radiation dosimeter at the collar
d.) interpose a sheilding material

A

c.) wear the radiation dosimeter at the collar

72
Q

Which of the following dosimeters contain a crystalline form of lithium fluoride:

a.) thermoluminescent dosimeter
b.) film badge
c.) optically stimuable luminescence

A

a.) thermoluminescent dosimeter

73
Q

Lead lined gloves shoul have ____________ thickness.

a.) .5mm
b.) .35mm
c.) .25mm
d.) 1 mm

A

c.) .25 mm

74
Q

A pregnant patient is ordered for a KUB. The physician and radiologist have agreed that the procedure is necessary and the benefits outweigh the risks. However, they have not discussed this yet with the patient. What should you, the technologist do?

a.) wait until the patient has received all information and consented for the exam
b.) ignore the request and let the next shift deal with it
c.) proceed with the exam because both physicians have outweighed the benefits and risks
d.) proceed with the exam but try to sheild the patient

A

a.) wait until the patient has received all information and consented for the exam

75
Q

Any image must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial image is considered to be a repeat image. What effect dose a repeat image have on the radiation dose received by the patient?

a.) the patient receives no additional radiation dose
b.) the patients critical organs receive a radiation dose that is 10 times greater than the initial radiation dose
c.) the patients skin and possibly the gonads, if they were in the included imaged area, receive a double radiation dose
d.) the patients superficial tissues only receive a radiation dose that is four times as great as that of the original radiation dose

A

c.) the patients skin and possibly the gonads, if they were in the included imaged area, receive a double radiaiton dose

76
Q

A secondary barrier should contain how much lead thickness?

a.) 1/16in
b.) 1/32 in
c.) .5mm
d.) 11 mm

A

b.) 1/32 in

77
Q

The exposure cord for the control booth must be:

a.) at least 6in in length
b.) attached to the control console
c.) at least 2 ft in lngth
d.) at least 4 ft in length

A

b.) attached to the control console

78
Q

Cells which are considered highly radiosensitive include:

a.) muscle cells, nerve cells, and chondrocytes
b.) all cell types have the same radiosensitivity
c.) endothelial cells, osteoblasts, spermatids and fibroblasts
d.) lymphocytes, spermatogonia, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells

A

d.) lymphocytes, spermatogonia, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells

79
Q

To ensure that the lifetime risk of occupationally exposed persons remains acceptable, an additional recommendation is that the lifetime effective dose in mSv should not exceed:

a.) 10 times the occupationally exposed persons age in years
b.) 20 times the occupational exposed persons age in years
c.) 5 times the occupationally exposed persons age in years
d.) the occupationally exposed persons age in years

A

a.) 10 times the occupationally exposed persons age in years

80
Q

Which of the following are radiation sheilding design considerations?
1.) the mean energy of the xrays that will strike the barrier
2.) whether the barrier is of a primary or secondary nature
3.) the workload of the unit
4.) the use factor of the unit
5.) the occupancy factor behind the barrier

A

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

81
Q

As the speed of the image receptor decreases, patient dose ____________.

a.) increases
b.) increases according the inverse square law
c.) decreases
d.) remains the same

A

a.) increases

82
Q

The best way to store a lead apron is:

a.) laying on the xray table so that it doesnt get any cracks in it
b.) in a cool dry place
c.) hanging on a rack
d.) folded neatly on the shelf in the room for the next user

A

c.) hanging on a rack

83
Q

An uncontrolled area is one that is adjacent to an xray room and is frequented by:

a.) imaging employees
b.) the general public
c.) radiologists
d.) people wearing dosimeter

A

b.) the general public

84
Q

What is the difference between a maternity lead apron and a regular lead apron?

a.) the whole apron is 1 mm lead thickness
b.) the apron is lighter weight
c.) the apron is the wrap around type
d.) there is an extra 1mm lead strip over the abdomen

A

d.) there is an extra 1mm lead strip over the abdomen

85
Q

Patient entrance skin exposure decreases as ____________.

a.) SID decreases
b.) OID decreases
c.) SOD decreases
d.) SID increases

A

d.) SID increases

86
Q

How does using the air gap technique reduce scatter and patient dose? or does it?

A

OID or the air gap techique is used as a method to decrease scatter, other ways to reduce scatter are to use a grid, if a grid is used you have to increase technique therefore patient dose is increased but with the air gap technique it is a method to reduce scatter without increasing patient dose

87
Q

Radiation survey instruments, such as the __________ are used to detect and measure radiation.

a.) OSL
b.) cutie pie
c.) ionization chamber
d.) TLD

A

b.) cutie pie

88
Q

An increase in filtration results in a decrease in entrance skin exposure.

a.) true
b.) false

A

a.) true

89
Q

Which of the following filtrations would result in the lowest entrance skin exposure to the patient?

a.) 1.0 Pb/Eq
b.) 0.5 Pb/Eq
c.) 0.5 Al/Eq
d.) 1.0 Al/Eq

A

d.) 1.0 Al/Eq

90
Q

When a radiologic technologist declares her pregnancy to her employer, which of the following is appropriate?

a.) the employer terminates her employer until after her child is born
b.) she continues to perform her duties without interuption of employment, provided that she has received radiation safety counseling and follows established radiation safety procedures
c.) she is able to continue her employment but is not permitted to perform any radiologic procedures during the reaminder of her pregnancy
d.) the employer requires her to take a leave of absence until after the completion of the first trimester of the pregnancy and then return to her normal duties

A

b.) she continues to perform her duties without interuption of employment, provided that she has received radiation safety counseling and follows established radiation safety procedures

91
Q

Which of the following are involuntary motions that cannot be willingly controlled?
1.) chills
2.) tremors
3.) muscle spasms
4.) pain
5.) active withdrawal

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
b.) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
c.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

A

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

92
Q

As the distance increases, the beam quantity reaching a specific area:

a.) decreases
b.) doubles
c.) stays the same
d.) increases

A

a.) decreases

93
Q

A wedge filter is what type of filter?

a.) compton
b.) compensating
c.) collimating
d.) coherent

A

b.) compensating

94
Q

If reproductive organs are within _____________ of the primary beam they should be sheilded.

a.) 12 inches
b.) 5 cm
c.) 1 m
d.) 10cm

A

b.) 5 cm

95
Q

student exposure should not exceed the annual effective dose limit of ______________.

a.) 2 mSv
b.) 1 mSv
c.) 0.5mSv
d.) 3 mSv

A

b.) 1 mSv

Radiation Protection (17 decks)

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