Module 4 Homework Packet

Question 1

When laser light is incident on the sensing material in an OSL dosimeter, the material:

a.) becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received
b.) fluoresces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received and then emits beta particles
c.) phosphoresces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received and then darkens
d.) turns ice blue in color and fluoresces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received

Answer 1

a.) becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received

Question 2

Which of the following chemical compounds functions as the sensing material in a thermoluminescent dosimeter?

a.) barium sulfate
b.) calcium tungstate
c.) lithium fluoride
d.) sodium iodide

Answer 2

c.) lithium fluoride

Question 3

During routine radiographic procedures, when a protective apron is not being worn, the primary personnel dosimeter should be attached to the clothing on the front of the body at:

a.) collar level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to the thyroid and the head and neck
b.) chest level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to the heart and lungs
c.) hip level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to the reproductive organs
d.) waist level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to the small intestine

Answer 3

a.) collar level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to the thyroid and head and neck

Question 4

Which of the following requirements should radiation survey instruments fulfill?
1.) instruments must be reliable so that radiation exposure or exposure rate in a given area can be accurately assessed
2.) instruments must be durable enought to withstand normal use
3.) instruments should interact with ionizing radiation similar to the way in which human tissue reacts

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 4

d.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 5

During diagnostic imaging procedures, how may the radiation dose to the abdomen of a pregnant radiographer be monitored during gestation?

a.) it may be estimated from the radiation dose recorded by the primary monitor worn at collar level
b.) it may be obtained from the primary radiation monitor worn at the abdominal level
c.) it may be obtained from a second radiation monitor worn at the abdominal level
d.) it is not necessary to monitor the radiation dose to the embryo fetus that results from occupational exposure of a pregnant radiographer during gestation

Answer 5

c.) it may be obtained from a secondary radiation monitor worn at the abdominal level

Question 6

Units of either mAs/wk or mA-min/wk are used to determine the _______ for a specific xray.

a.) distance factor
b.) occupancy factor
c.) use factor
d.) workload

Answer 6

d.) workload

Question 7

A bucky slot sheilding device of at least ________ must automatically cover the bucky slot opening in the side of the xray table during a fluoroscopic exam and when the bucky tray is positioned at the foot end of the table.

a.) .25mm Al/Eq
b.) .25 mm lead equivalent
c.) .5mm Al/Eq
d.) .5mm lead equivalent

Answer 7

a.) .25 mm Al/Eq

Question 8

For mobile radiographic units, which are not equipped with remote control exposure devices, the cord leading to the exposure switch must be long enough to permit the radiographer to stand at least __________ from the patient, the xray tube, and the useful beam to reduce occupational exposure.

a.) 1m
b.) 2m
c.) 3m
d.) 5m

Answer 8

b.) 2m

Question 9

Of the following factors, which are specifically considered when determining thickness requirements for protective barriers?
1.) occupancy factors
2.) workload
3.) use factor
4.) kvp

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer 9

c.) 1, 2 and 3 only

Question 10

When a radiologic procedure requires the hands of a radiation worker to be near the primary beam, the equivalent dose to the hands of that individual may be determined through the use of :

a.) the primary personnel monitor worn at collar level
b.) a pocket ionization chamber attached to the wrist watch of the radiation worker
c.) a TLD ring worn on the hand of the radiation worker
d.) a cutie pie

Answer 10

c.) a TLD ring worn on the hand of the radiation worker

Question 11

Which of the following instrument is used to callibrate radiographic and fluoroscopic xray equipment?

a.) proportional counter
b.) GM survey center
c.) ionization chamber with electrometer
d.) pocket ionization chamber

Answer 11

c.) ionization chamber with electrometer

Question 12

For xray and gamma ray photons with energies from 5 kev to greater than 40 mev, the _________ gives an accurate reading as low as 10 Sv.

a.) personnel digital ionization dosimeter
b.) OSL dosimeter
c.) pocket ionization chamber
d.) TLD

Answer 12

b.) OSL dosimeter

Question 13

Which of the following instruments should be used to locate a lost radioactive source or detect low level radioactive contamination?

a.) GM survey center
b.) proportional counter
c.) ionization chamber type survey meter (cutie pie)
d.) TLD analyzer

Answer 13

a.) GM survey center

Question 14

Which of the following instrument should be used in an xray installation to measure the fluoroscopic scatter radiation exposure rate?

a.) geiger detector
b.) cutie pie
c.) proportional counter
d.) TLD

Answer 14

b.) cutie pie

Question 15

The radiographic beam should be collimated so that it is which of the following?

a.) slightly larger than the image receptor
b.) no larger than the image receptor
c.) twice as large as the image receptor
d.) four times as large as the image receptor

Answer 15

b.) no larger than the image receptor

Question 16

What is the function of a filter in diagnostic radiology?

a.) to permit only alpha rays to reach the patients skin
b.) to permit only beta particles to interact with the atoms of the patient body
c.) to decrease the x radiation dose to the patients skin and superficial tissue
d.) to remove gamma radiation from the useful beam

Answer 16

c.) to decrease the x radiation dose to the patients skin and superficial tissue

Question 17

HVL may be defined as the thickness of a designated absorber required to do which of the following?

a.) increase the intensity of the primary beam by 50% of its initial value
b.) increase the intensity of the primary beam by 25% of its initial value
c.) decrease the intensity of the primary beam by 50% of its initial value
d.) decrease the intensity of the primary beam by 25% of its initial value

Answer 17

c.) decrease the intensity of the primary beam by 50% of its initial value

Question 18

To minimize skin exposure to electrons produced by photon interaction with the collimator, how far below the collimator should the patients skin surface be?

a.) at least 1 cm below
b.) at least 5 cm below
c.) at least 10 cm below
d.) at least 15cm below

Answer 18

d.) at least 15cm below

Question 19

which of the following aluminum equivalents for total permanent filtration meets the minimum requirement for mobile diagnostic and fluoroscopic equipment?

a.) .5mm aluminum
b.) 1mm aluminum
c.) 2 mm aluminum
d.) 2.5mm aluminum

Answer 19

d.) 2.5 mm aluminum

Question 20

The trough, or bilateral wedge, filter, which is used in some radiographic units, is an example of which of the following?

a.) compensating filter
b.) filter used in all digital imaging systems
c.) filter used in all dedicated and mammoographic units
d.) filter used in all computed tomography systems

Answer 20

a.) compensating filter

Question 21

To decrease patient exposure during fluoroscopic procedures, the fluoroscopist can:
1.) limit the sized of the fluoroscopic field to include only the area of anatomy that is of clinical interest
2.) employ the practice of pulsed fluoroscopy to reduce the overall length of exposure
3.) choose to use a conventional fluoroscope instead of an image intensification fluoroscope

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 21

a.) 1 and 2

Question 22

A diagnostic type protective tube housing must be constructed so that leakage radiation measure at a distance of 1 m from the xray source dose not exceed _________ when the tube is operated at its highest voltage at the highest current that allows continuous operation.

a.) 5gy/hr
b.) 3 gy/hr
c.) 1 gy/hr
d.) .3 gy/hr

Answer 22

c.) 1 gy/hr

Question 23

As a consequence of their anatomic location, the female reproductive organs receive about ________ exposure during a given radiographic procedure involving the pelvic region that do the male reproductive organs.

a.) three times less
b.) three times more
c.) ten times less
d.) ten times more

Answer 23

b.) three times more

Question 24

In fluorscopy, how is the amount of radiation that a patient receives usually estimated?

a.) by having the patient wear an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter during the procedure
b.) by measuring the radiation exposure rate at tabletop an multiplying this by the milliamperage (mA) and kilovoltage (kvp) settings
c.) by meauring the radiation exposure rate at tabletop and multiplying this by the fluoroscopy time
d.) by placing an ionization type survey meter next to the patient during the procedure to record the dose received

Answer 24

c.) by measuring the radiation exposure rate at tabletop and multiplying this by the fluoroscopy time

Question 25

As part of the image gently campaign, radiographers and imaging facilities can pledge to:

a.) image gently
b.) image wisely
c.) image a patient only once in a given year
d.) image a patient only when he or she is in danger of expiring

Answer 25

a.) image gently

Question 26

In which of the following projections will a young female patient receive a significantly lower dose to her breast tissue during a chest xray study?

a.) AP
b.) AP lordotic
c.) PA
d.) lateral

Answer 26

c.) PA

Question 27

A woman who is 3 months pregnant has been in a motor vehicle accident. The emergency room physician suspects there is injury to her cervical spine and thus feel justified in ordering an xray examination to aid in determining the extent of the patients injury. Because the patient is pregnant, the radiographer should:
1.) select the smallest technical exposure factors that will produce a diagnostically useful image
2.) adequately and precisely collimate the radiographic beam to include only the anatomic are of interest
3.) shield the pateints lower abdomen and pelvic region with a suitable protective contact sheild

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 27

d.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 28

Pediatric patients require special consideration and appropriate radiation protection procedures because they are much more vulnerable to which of the following ?

a.) the late effects of radiation
b.) only the late somatic effects of radiation
c.) only the genetic effects of radiation
d.) only the early somatic effects of radiation

Answer 28

a.) the late effects of radiation

Question 29

The use of PA projection during a juvenile scoliosis radiographic examination results in which of the following?

a.) higher entrance exposure dose to the anterior body surface, thereby significantly increasing the dose to the breast
b.) lower entrance exposure dose to the anterior body surface, thereby significantly reducing the dose to the breast
c.) poorer quality images the necessitates a repear examination
d.) images that do not adequately demonstrate spinal curvature

Answer 29

b.) lower entrance exposure dose to the anterior body surface, thereby significantly reducing the dose to the breast

Question 30

For protection of the ovaries of a female patient, the sheild should be placed approximately:

a.) 5cm medial to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine
b.) 2.5cm medial to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine
c.) 5 cm lateral to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine
d.) 2.5 cm lateral to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 30

b.) 2.5cm medial to each palpable anterior superior iliac spine

Question 31

Which of the following examinations are considered unnecessary radiologic procedures?
1.) chest xray study as part of a preemployment physical
2.) screening mammography
3.) whole body multislice spiral CT screening

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 31

b.) 1 and 3

Question 32

When performing a mobile radiographic examination, if the protection factors of distance and sheilding are equal, the radiographer should stand at a_______ to the scattering object (the patient) line.

a.) 30 degree angle
b.) 45 degree angle
c.) 75 degree angle
d.) 90 degree angle

Answer 32

d.) 90 degree angle

Question 33

Diagnostic imaging personel may receive an annual occupational effective dose of ___________ for whole body exposure during routine operations.

a.) 1 mSv
b.) 5mSv
c.) 25 mSv
d.) 50 mSv

Answer 33

50mSv

Question 34

At a 90 degree angle to the primary xray beam, at a distance of 1m, the scattered radiation is what fraction of the intensity of the primary beam?

a.) 1/10
b.) 1/100
c.) 1/1000
d.) 1/10,000

Answer 34

c.) 1/1000

Question 35

Which of the following are methods that can be used by a c arm operator to reduce occupational exposure form himself or herself and other personnel?
1.) collimate the xray beam to include only the anatomy of interest
2.) use the foot pedal or the handheld exposure switch with their cables extended away from the machine as far as possible whenever making an exposure
3.) use magnification whenever possible to visualize body parts better

a.) 1 and 2only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 35

a.) 1 and 2 only