Module 3 Test Flashcards
Deterministic effects are:
1.) early effects
2.) late effects
3.) stochastic effects
4.) random
5.) probabalistic
a.) 2 and 3
b.) 3, 4 and 5
c.) 1, 4 and 5
d.) 1 and 2
d.) 1 and 2
An example of a recessive mutation is:
a.) a muscular disorder
b.) limb deformity
c.) allergies
d.) a skeletal disorder
c.) allergies
When living organisms experience biologic damage to due to radiation, the results of this exposure are classified as:
a.) deterministic
b.) stochastic
c.) somatic
d.) genetic
c.) somatic
??Death will occur within ___________ when the gastrointestinal syndrome occurs during ARS.
a.) 3 days
b.) 2 weeks
c.) 6 weeks
d.) 4 hours
b.) 2 weeks
In general, nonstochastic effects occur:
a.) only after some diagnostic imaging procedures
b.) after all diagnostic imaging procedures
c.) only after routine fluoro procedures
d.) only after large doses of radiation are recieved
d.) only after large doses of radiation are recieved
Acute radiation syndrome begins at ____________ Gy.
a.) 12
b.) 50
c.) 6
d.) 10
c.) 6
Adenine bonds only with:
a.) guanine
b.) thymine
c.) cytosine
d.) hydrogen
b.) thymine
Regarding cell oxygenation, which of the following are true:
1.) oxygen makes the cell more radiosensitive
2.) oxygen makes the cell less radiosensitive
3.) oxygen helps the cell repair itself easier
4.) lack of oxygen makes the cell more radiosensitive
a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 4
d.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 3
A single absorbed dose of _________ can cause a radiation induced skin erythema within 24-48 hours.
a.) 1 Gy
b.) 2 Gy
c.) 6 Gy
d.) 5 Gy
b.) 2 Gy
???? If a fetus is exposed in utero during the third trimester, which of the following can occur:
a.) the child is born sterile
b.) the child will be born with skeletal abnormalities
c.) prenatal death
d.) no damage will occur
d.) no damage will occur
?????? Cataracts can occur with an exposure of _______ Gy.
a.) 10
b.) 1
c.) 2
d.) 6
c.) 2
???????? Absorbed dose (D) is measured in what SI unit?
a.) rem
b.) Sv
c.) Gy
d.) C/Kg
c.) Gy
An acute ulcerative condition of the skin due high radiation exposure is called:
a.) vasculitis
b.) desquamation
c.) erythema
d.) adhesions
b.) desquamation
____________ dose is a dose of radiation lower than which an individual has a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic effects.
a.) linear
b.) non threshold
c.) threshold
d.) non linear
c.) threshold
If 50 Gy of radiation is received by the central nervous system, how soon could death occur?
a.) 6-8 weeks
b.) 3 weeks
c.) 3-10 days
d.) within hours to 3 days
d.) within hours to 3 days
A dose of 0.5 Gy is given to a patient in five doses. This is called a ________ dose.
a.) sublethal
b.) fatal
c.) protracted
d.) fractionated
d.) fractionated
Acute radiation syndrome is actually a collection of symptoms associated with:
a.) exposure to nonionizing radiation
b.) exposure to low level radiation
c.) exposure to moderate level radiation
d.) exposure to high level radiation
d.) exposure to high level radiation
According to target theory, the target molecule of a cell is:
a.) a protein macromolecule
b.) a water molecule
c.) the DNA in the nucleus
d.) a ribosome
c.) the DNA in the nucleus
Early deterministic effects are not common in diagnostic radiology exams:
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
The destruction of __________ cells in the intestinal lining causes death from GI syndrome.
a.) mature
b.) epitheleal
c.) blood
d.) muscle
b.) epitheleal
Death from gastrointestinal syndrome (as part of ARS) will occur from exposure to _________ Gy.
a.) 12
b.) 2
c.) 6-10
d.) 1
c.) 6-10
Occupational worker exposure follows a ____________ dose response curve.
a.) non-linear threshold
b.) non-linear, non threshold
c.) linear, threshold
d.) linear, non threshold
d.) linear, non threshold
_____________ of the effects of x radiation and gamma in macromolecules of living systems occur as a result of indirect action.
a.) most
b.) very low
c.) some
d.) none
a.) most
Which of the following terms means “random in nature”?
a.) epidemologic
b.) stochastic
c.) deterministic
d.) nonstochastic
b.) stochastic
Name two stochastic effects.
cancer
genetic effects
A non-linear, non threshold response curve indicates:
a.) a response is not directly proportional to the dose
b.) a resonse is directly proportional to the dose
a.) a response is not directly proportional to the dose
Regarding sterility, a does of ________ Gy will cause a decrease in sperm count or mensturation, a dose of ____________ Gy will cause temporary sterility; and a dose of _____________ Gy will cause permenant sterility.
a.) 1, 2, 6
b.) 0.1, 2, 5
c.) 0.1, 0.5, 1
d.) 2, 6,10
b.) 0.1, 2, 5
Which of the following is a graphical representation of the relationship between radiation dose and observed response, in which any dose may have a potential effect, and there is a direct relationship betweeen dose and effect?
a.) nonlinear dose response curve
b.) linear quadratic dose response curve
c.) linear dose response curve
d.) threshold dose response curve
c.) linear dose response curve
Which blood cell causes organs to atrophy due to lack of oxygen supply?
erythrocytes
Which blood cells cause hemmorage to occur?
thrombocytes
Which blood cells cause infection to occur?
lymphocytes
Name two early deterministic effects.
epilation
desquamation
The concept of effective dose accounts for the:
a.) different types of radiation and RBE
b.) relative radiosensitivity of various tissues and organs
c.) the persons distance from the source
d.) both a and b
d.) both a and b
During the major response stages of acute radiation syndrome, the period when symptoms that affect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and cerebrovascular systems subside, is called:
a.) recovery
b.) the prodromal syndrome
c.) the latent period
d.) manifest illness
c.) the latent period
The testes and the ovaries respond differently to radiation exposure because:
a.) the ovaries constantly produce eggs throughout life
b.) sperm cells never mature
c.) the eggs of a female become encapsulated, protecting them from radiation
d.) male germ cells are produced quicker and mature quicker than female germ cells
d.) male germ cells are produced quicker and mature quicker than female germ cells
In general, deterministic effects typically occur:
a.) after all diagnostic imaging procedures
b.) only after some diagnostic imaging procedures
c.) only after routin fluoro procedures
d.) only after large doses of radiation are received
d.) only after large doses of radiation are received
A dose as low as .25 Gy will induce which of the following :
a.) blood changes
b.) cataracts
c.) temporary sterility
d.) death
a.) blood changes
Death will occur at:
12 Gy
Which dose response relationship can follow a sigmoid curve?
a.) linear, nonthreshold
b.) nonlinear, nonthreshold
c.) linear, threshold
d.) nonlinear threshold
d.) Nonlinear threshold
Name a late deterministic effect
cataracts
After whole body, large doses of radiation, humans are more likely to immediately experience:
a.) cancer
b.) genetic mutations
c.) cataracts
d.) acute radiation syndrome
d.) acute radiation syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome involves which of the following organ systems:
1.) hematopoietic
2.) gastrointestinal
3.) reproductive
4.) skin
5.) cerebrovascular
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 3 and 4
c.) 1, 2 and 5
d.) 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1, 2 and 5
Organs develop during the __________.
a.) during the third trimester
b.) 0-9 days after conception
c.) at 20 weeks
d.) 10-12 weeks after conception
d.) 10-12 weeks after conception
In the early years, __________ was used as a means of monitoring imaging personell to asses radiation damage from occupational expsoure.
a.) hematologic depression
b.) radiodermititis
c.) epilation
d.) cataracts
a.) hematologic depression
Appear within minutes, hours, days or weeks of the time of exposure to radiation
Early deterministic somatic effects
Appear within months, or years after exposure to radiation
Late Stochastic effects
Could include organ atrophy and reduced fertility.
Late deterministic somatic effects
biologic damage to the body of the exposed individual caused by ionizing radiation
somatic damage
