Homework Assignment Chapter 7 Flashcards
The principal radiation interaction within the human body is with ______________.
a.) DNA
b.) macromolecules
c.) water
d.) RNA
c.) water
A protracted dose of radiation is given:
a.) over a long period of time
b.) all at one short exposure
c.) in a series of seperate doses
d.) in two large doses
a.) over a long period of time
The most radiosensitive cells in the hemopoietic system of the human body are the ___________.
a.) granulocytes
b.) erythrocytes
c.) lymphocytes
d.) platelets
c.) lymphocytes
The probability of a hit is increased with ___________ oxygen and ______________LET radiation.
a.) high, low
b.) low, low
c.) high, high
d.) low, high
c.) high, high
When an atom of water is irradiated, it first dissociates into
a.) two water atoms
b.) an ion pair
c.) free radicals
d.) hydrogen peroxide
b.) ion pair
A type of DNA damge that may not be reversible is:
a.) cross linking
b.) base change or loss
c.) rung breakage
d.) severed side rail
b.) base change or loss
The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called ______________.
a.) radiosensitizing
b.) hormesis
c.) radioprotection
d.) protraction
b.) hormesis
Tissues that are ___________ with a __________ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive.
a.) immature, low
b.) immature, high
c.) mature, low
d.) mature, high
b.) immature, high
According to target theory, the target molecule of a cell is:
a.) any molecule in the cell
b.) the DNA in the nucleus
c.) a water molecule
d.) a protein macromolecule
b.) the DNA in the nucleus
The dissassociation of water molecules following irradation is termed ____________.
a.) radiolysis
b.) ionization
c.) cross linking
d.) point mutation
a.) radiolysis
The law of __________ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a funtion of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue.
a.) watson and crick
b.) roentgen and plank
c.) hurter and driffield
d.) bergonie and tribondeau
d.) bergonie and tribondeau
The process of cell meiosis results in cells with ___________ chromosomes each.
a.) 22
b.) 23
c.) 46
d.) 48
b.) 23
The LD50/60 is the dose of radiation to the whole body that will result in death within _________ to _______% of the irriadated population.
a.) 50 days, 60
b.) 60 days, 50
c.) 60 minutes, 50
d.) 50 minutes, 60
b.) 60 days, 50
The indirect interaction of matter with photon energy involves the absorption of radiation within a ___________.
a.) water molecule
b.) glucose molecule
c.) complex protein
d.) alpha particle
a.) water molecule
LET is defined as the:
a.) the capability of a specified radiaiton to produce a particular biologic response
b.) increased sensivity of cells, tissues and organs in an aerated enviroment
c.) amount of energy deposited per unit length of path travel
d.) the ionization process
c.) amount of energy deposited per unit length of path travel
As LET increases, RBE
a.) increases
b.) decreases
c.) remains the same
d.) LET and RBE are not interdependent
a.) increases
Direct action is more likely to occur with:
a.) low LET
b.) high LET
c.) sparsely, ionizing
d.) high energy
b.) high LET
Which of the following is a cellular effect of exposure to ionizing radiation
a.) instant death
b.) mitotic delay
c.) genetic death
d.) all of the above
e.) none of the above
d.) all of the above
Meiosis is the process of cell divisionn for __________ cells.
a.) muscle
b.) skin
c.) somatic
d.) genetic
d.) genetic
Free radicals can cause biologic damage by destroying the chemical bonds of molecules and by dislodging electrons from their orbits. How long will this process continue?
a.) forever
b.) until the energy reaches half of the initial energy
c.) until the energy is lower than the energy of molecules they contact
d.) until all the enrgy is expended
d.) until all the energy is expended
What is the DNA messenger?
a.) tRNA
b.) mRNA
c.) ribosome
d.) centrosome
e.) all of the above
b.) mRNA
Where is the master molecule located?
a.) generally in the cytoplasm
b.) always in the nucleus
c.) anywhere within the cell
d.) always in the cytoplasm
b.) always in the nucleus
Cell division by spindle formation, the duplication of chromosomes, seperation of daughter chromatids, division of cytoplasm, formation of two identical daughter cells ( each with 46 chromosomes) is called:
a.) meiosis
b.) mitosis
c.) halitosis
d.) metaphase
b.) mitosis
Which of the following is not a nitrogenous organic base?
a.) protein
b.) adenine
c.) guanine
d.) thymine
e.) cytosine
a.) protein
How do free radicals destroy chemicals bonds?
a.) they transfer their excess energy to the molecules
b.) they recombine to form a molecule of water
c.) they form secondary hyrdoxyl
X d.) all of the above
e.) none of the above
Any chromosome damage induced by radiation could be seen during the ___________.
a.) metaphase
b.) telophase
c.) anaphase
d.) prophase
a.) metaphase
How does human tissue or an organ in the body survive high doses of ionizing radiation?
a.) atrophy
b.) repair of damaged cells
c.) repopulation of lost cells
d.) all of the above
e.) answers b and c only
e.) answers b and c only
Which of the following would be considered radiosensitive under the law of bergonie and tribondeau
1.) primitive cells
2.) rapidly dividing cells
3.) cells that expected to divide for a short time
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
X d.) 1, 2 and 3
Organic compounds contain
a.) phospherus
b.) nitrates
c.) k
d.) carbon
d.) carbon
Which of the following acts as a resevoir for long term energy storage, insulates and protects the body from the enviroment
a.) proteins
b.) carbohydrates
c.) lipids
d.) nucleic acids
c.) lipids
