Module 1B Assignment Flashcards

1
Q

Exit or image formation radiation is composed of which of the following?

a.) primary photons and wide angle compton scattered photons
b.) non interaction and small angle scattered photons
c.) very low engrid photons
d.) auger electron

A

b.) non interaction and small angle scatted photons

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2
Q

Which of the following contributes significantly to the exposure of the radiographer?

a.) positrons
b.) electrons
c.) compton scatted photons
d.) compton scattered electrons

A

c.) compton scattered photons

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3
Q

Which of the following defines attenuation?

a.) absorption and scatter
b.) absorption only
c.) scatter only
d.) weakend only

A

a.) absorption and scatter

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4
Q

In the radiologic kilo voltage range, which of the following structures undergoes the most photoelectric absorption?

a.) air cavities
b.) compact bone
c.) fat
d.) soft tissue

A

b.) compact bone

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5
Q

In which of the following xray interactions with matter is the energy in the incident photon partially absorbed?

a.) compton
b.) photoelectric
c.) coherent
d.) pair production

A

a.) compton

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6
Q

When a high atomic number solution is either swallowed or injected into human tissue or a structure to visualize it during an imaging procedure, which of the following occurs?

a.) photoelectric interaction becomes greatly decreased, resulting in the absorbed dose in the body tissues or structures that contain the contrast medium
b.) photoelectric itneraction becomes significantly enhanced, leading to an increase in the absorbed dose in the body tissues or structures that contain the contrast medium
c.) photoelectric interacction becomes greatly decreased, resulting in a decrease in the absorbed dose in the body tissues or structures that contain the contrast medium
d.) photoelectric interaction becomes significantly enhanced, leading to a decrease in the absorbed dose in the body tissue or structures that ocntain the contrast medium

A

b.) photoelectric interaction becomes significantly enhanced, leading to an increase in the absorbed dose in the body tissues or structures that contain the contrast medium

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7
Q

Equivelent dose:

a.) attemprts to take in to account the various differences in biologic harm caused by different types of radiaiton
b.) takes into account the dose for all types of radiation to organs or tissues in the human body
c.) assigns a tissue weighting factor, which takes into account the relative detriment to each organ and tissue
d.) assigns a quality factor to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiaiton to cause biologic damge

A

a.) attempts to take in to account the various differencees in biologic harm caused by different types of radiation

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8
Q

Which of the following influences attenuation?
1.) effective atomic number of the absorber
2.) mass density
3.) thickness of the absorber

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

d.) 1, 2 and 3

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9
Q

A decrease in contrast of the image by adding an unwanted additional exposure (radiographic fog) results from which of the following interactions between x radiation matter?
1.) compton scattering
2.) pair production
3.) photoelectric absorption

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

A

a.) 1 only

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10
Q

Alpha particles have a quality factor and radiation weighting factor that is numerically equal to:

a.) 1
b.) 5
c.) 10
d.) 20

A

d.) 20

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11
Q

Which of the following was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation?

a.) air kerma
b.) skin erythema
c.) sievert
d.) roentgen

A

b.) skin erythema

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12
Q

Which of the following is the unit of collective effective dose?

a.) coloumbs per kilogram sievert
b.) gray sievert
c.) person sievert
d.) rad sievert

A

c.) person sievert

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13
Q

The concept of tissue weighting factor is used to do which of the following?

a.) account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradation of individual tissues and organs
b.) eliminate the need for determining affective dose
c.) measure absorbed dose from all different types of ionizing radiations
d.) modify the radiation weighting factor for different types of ionizing radiation

A

a.) account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradiation of individual tissues and organs

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14
Q

To convert the number of gray into milligray, the number of gray must be:

a.) divided by 100
b.) divided by 1000
c.) multiplied by 100
d.) multiplied by 1000

A

d.) multiplied by 1000

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15
Q

What is the SI radiation unit coloumbs per kilogram used to specify?

a.) equivalent dose
b.) absorbed dose in biologic tissue
c.) radiation exposure in air only
d.) speed at which xray photons travel

A

c.) radiation exposure in air only

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16
Q

Which of the following radiation quantities accounts for some biologic tissues being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues?

a.) absorbed dose
b.) exposure
c.) equivalent dose
d.) effective dose

A

d.) effective dose

17
Q

How is the SI unit for dose area product (DAP) usually specified?

a.) couloumb
b.) Erg-Sec
c.) mgy-cm2
d.) sievert

A

c.) mgy-cm2

18
Q

Radiation that comes out of the tube port is called:

a.) off focus or stem radiation
b.) exit or image forming radiation
c.) primary radiation
d.) leakage radiation

A

c.) primary radiation

19
Q

Which interaction involves the ejection of a k shell electron

a.) coherent scatter
b.) compton interaction
c.) pair production
d.) photoelectric absorption

A

d.) photoelectric absorption

20
Q

There is complete absorption of the incident xray photon with:

a.) photoelectric effect
b.) compton interaction
c.) pair production
d.) photoelectric absorption

A

d.) photoelectric absorption

21
Q

There is complete absorption of the incident xray photon with:

a.) photoelectric effect
b.) compton interaction
c.) pair production
d.) coherent scatter

A

a.) photoelectric effect

22
Q

_________ occurs only at very high energies used in radiation therapy and nuclear medicine PET imaging.

a.) coherent scatter
b.) compton interaction
c.) Photoelectric absorption
d.) pair production

A

d.) pair production

23
Q

An incident xray photon interacts with an atom without ionization during _________

a.) photoelectric effect
b.) compton interaction
c.) coherent scattering
d.) pair production

A

c.) coherent scattering

24
Q

The amount of radiation that the body absorbs

A

absorbed dose

25
Q

Describe absorbed dose

A

all different tissues of the body absorb radiation differently so the weighting factor is used to formulate how much radiation different parts will absorb/attenuate

26
Q

What are the effects of compton scattering?

A

creates sctter/fog on radiographic images

increases worker radiation dose

27
Q

How does changing kvp affect compton scatter?

A

kvp increases- scatter increases

kvp decreases- scatter decreases

because of the more or less interactions that happen when kvp is changed

28
Q

What happens to compton scatter if atomic number increases?

A

The probability of compton scatter does not depend on atomic number. It depeneds more on energy and density

29
Q

What are alternate names for coherent scatter?

A

classical, elastic, unmodified

30
Q

redness of skin after irradation

A

skin ertythema