Chapter 9 Quiz

Question 1

A ___________ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose recieved.

a.) linear
b.) curvilinear
c.) nonlinear
d.) nonthreshold

Answer 1

a.) linear

Question 2

Threshold dose is a dose of radiation lower than which an individual has a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic effects.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 2

a.) true

Question 3

Nonthreshold:

a.) assumes that any radiation dose produces an effect
b.) means that an observed response is directly proportional to the dose
c.) assumes that there is a radiation level reached under which there would be no effects observed
d.) means that an observed response is not directly proportional to the dose

Answer 3

a.) assumes that any radiation dose produces an effect

Question 4

Radiation damage can begin to effect the hemopoietic system with as little as _________ Gy.

a.) 1 Gy
b.) 6 Gy
c.) 2 Gy
d.) .25 Gy

Answer 4

d.) .25Gy

Question 5

During the preimplantation stage of development, if the fertilized ovum divides is irradiated with a dose in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 Gy which of the following will result?

a.) microcephaly
b.) delayed bone growth
c.) embryonic death
d.) congenital abnormailities

Answer 5

c.) embryonic death

Question 6

The term linear nonthreshold relationship implies that the biologic response to ionizing radiation is:

a.) inversely proportional to the square of the dose all the way down to levels approaching zero
b.) directly proportional to the square of the dose all the way down to levels approaching zero
c.) inversely proportional to the dose all the way down to levels approaching zero
d.) directly proportional to the dose all the way down to levels approaching zero

Answer 6

d.) directly proportional to the dose all the way down to levels approaching zero

Question 7

If an original dose is broken up into smaller equal doses spread out over a period of time, the effects are considerably less. This is known as which of the following?

a.) Law of B & T
b.) fractionation
c.) target theory
d.) protraction

Answer 7

b.) fractionation

Question 8

Which of the following human is most radiosensitive?

a.) a mature adult
b.) an embryo or fetus during the first trimester of preganancy
c.) a fetus during the third trimester of gestation
d.) a 5 year old child

Answer 8

b.) an embryo or fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy

Question 9

Dose response curves are used for making predicitions of the risk of ___________ in human populations exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation.

a.) cataract formation
b.) spontaneous abortions
c.) cancer
d.) genetic effects

Answer 9

c.) cancer

Question 10

A protracted dose of radiation is given:

a.) in a series of seperate doses
b.) in two large doses
c.) over a long period of time
d.) all in one short exposure

Answer 10

c.) over a long period of time

Question 11

If erythrocytes are damaged by radiation, which of the following can occur?

a.) organs will atrophy from lack of blood supply
b.) the blood will fail to clot
c.) the body will become more susceptible to infection
d.) nothing; erythrocytes are not commonly affected by radiation

Answer 11

a.) organs will atrophy from lack of blood supply

Question 12

Permanent sterility can occur in both men and women following a dose of ________ Gy.

a.) 3
b.) 0.1
c.) 5
d.) 10

Answer 12

c.) 5