Module 1 Test Flashcards
Traditional unit of equivalent and effective dose.
Rem
SI unit of equivalent and effective dose.
Sv
Traditional unit of exposure in air
Roentgen
SI unit for exposure in air
C/kg
Traditional unit of absorbed dose
rad
SI unit of absorbed dose
Gy
What is the traditional unit of measurement that is derived from multiplying rad x Wr?
a.) rem
b.) Gy
c.) Sv
d.) roentgen
A. Rem
1 Sv = __________ rem
a.) 10
b.) .001
c.) 1000
d.) 100
d.) 100
Compton scattering is synonymous with:
a.) photodisintegration
b.) incoherent scattering
c.) photoelectric absorption
d.) coherent scattering
b.) incoherent scattering
Which of the following radiation quantities provides a measure of the overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation?
a.) D
b.) air kerma
c.) EfD
d.) X
c.) EfD
The campaign that seeks to educate medical providers and technologists on lowering CT doses for pediatrics is called:
a.) image wisely
b.) image gently
c.) ALARA
d.) the cardinal principles
b.) image gently
What traditional unit is used to measure occupational dose and is most commonly used on badge reports?
a.) rem
b.) gray
c.) roentgen
d.) sievert
a.) rem
The traditional radiation quantity for ionization in air is __________.
a.) exposure
b.) air kerma
c.) absorbed dose
d.) effective dose
a.) exposure
An outer shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized with:
a.) coherent scatter
b.) compton scatter
c.) photoelectric scatter
d.) pair production
b.) compton scatter
How is dose area product usually specified?
a.) in ergs per gram
b.) in subunits of millisievert
c.) in units of mGy-cm2
d.) in coulomb per kilogram
c.) in units of mGy-cm2
Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (Wr) that is numerically equal to:
a.) 1
b.) 20
c.) 5
d.) 10
b.) 20
3 msv equals how many Sv?
a.) .03
b.) 3000
c.) 3
d.) .003
d.) .003
A DAP (dose area product) meter is used:
a.) to measure the amoutn of radiation energy on a portion of the body
b.) shut off the xray equipment when dose limits are exceeded
c.) distinguises the types of radiation absorbed (xray, alpha, gamma, etc)
d.) to deflect xray photons away from the patient
a.) to measure the amount of radiation energy on a portion of the body
Air kerma is replacing the traditional quantity ___________.
a.) exposure
b.) coloumbs/kg
c.) absorbed dose
d.) rem
a.) exposure
Which of the following types of ionizing radiation produces vitually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses?
a.) alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
b.) xrays, beta particles, and gamma rays
c.) xrays, alpha particles, and fast neutrons
d.) xrays, neutrons and gamma rays
b.) xrays, beta particles and gamma rays
Which interaction is primarily responsible for image formation?
a.) photoelectric
b.) brems
c.) compton
d.) coherent
a.) photoelectric
The advantages of the BERT method are:
1.) it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison
2.) it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our enviroment
3.) it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend
a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
Direct transmission means:
a.) photons pass through biologic tissue with some interaction
b.) photons are absorbed in biologic tissue
c.) photons pass through biologic tissue without interaction
d.) photons are scattered within biologic tissue
a.) photons pass through biologic tissue with some interaction
The incident photon is completely absorbed in which of the following interactions:
a.) compton
b.) photoelectric
c.) rayleigh
d.) photodisintegration
b.) photoelectric
The total kinetic energy released in a uint mass (kilogram) of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is:
a.) equivalent dose
b.) air kerma
c.) effective dose
d.) absorbed dose
b.) air kerma
Which organ has the highest Wr and is considered to be the most radiosensitive?
a.) skin
b.) gonads
c.) bone marrow
d.) breast
b.) gonads
In the diagnostic radiology energy range, which of the following tissues possesses the greatest ability to absorb radiation energy through the process of photoelectric absorption?
a.) bone
b.) fat
c.) air
d.) muscle
a.) bone
Almost all of the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is converted to:
a.) brems photon
b.) characteristic xray photon
c.) light
d.) heat
d.) heat
The __________ regulates and monitors exposure to ionizing radiation in the workplace?
a.) OSHA
b.) NCRP
c.) EPA
d.) NRC
a.) OSHA
The SI unit for EqD is :
a.) rad
b.) rem
c.) Gy
d.) Sv
d.) Sv
DIagnostic efficiancy includes:
1.) determining if an imaging procedure is justified
2.) obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure
3.) adhering to radiation safety guidelines
4.) revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient
a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b.) 1, 2 and 3 only
c.) 1, 2 and 4 only
d.) 2, 3 and 4 only
a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
How many Gy equals 1 Sv?
1
One of the very first radiation injuries noted was:
a.) skin erythema
b.) cataracts
c.) epilation
d.) cancer
a.) skin erythema
The _________ establishes, enforces and publishes rules and regulations regarding the nuclear energy industry.
a.) NRC
b.) FDA
c.) NCRP
d.) EPA
a.) NRC
WHich of these photon tissue interactions neccessitates the use of a grid?
a.) photoelectric
b.) compton
c.) coherent
d.) pair production
b.) compton
Barium is a good contrast agent because of its:
a.) high atomic number
b.) low density
c.) high viscosity
d.) low atomic number
a.) high atomic number
What do radiation weighting factors take into consideration?
1.) the overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation
2.) both the internal and external dose measurements
3.) the fact that some types of radiation are more efficient at causing biologic damage than other types of radiation for a given dose
a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 3 only
c.) 2 only
d.) 1 only
b.) 3 only
Higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths are associated with:
a.) less biologic damage
b.) more biologic damage
b.) more biologic damage
The ability to move an object against resistance from one location to another is called:
a.) ionization
b.) radiation
c.) kinetic energy
d.) tissue interactions
c.) kinetic energy
Of the following , which is most likely to occur at less than 10 kev?
a.) compton scattering
b.) photoelectric absorption
c.) coherent scattering
d.) pair production
c.) coherent scattering
In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner shell electron from its atomic orbit, the incoming xray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy
a.) less than the energy that holds the atom together
b.) 10 times as great as the energy that holds the atom together
c.) as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit
d.) equal to or greater than 1.002 mev, regardless of the energy that holds the electron in its orbit
c.) as large or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit
_____________ is used to differentiate structures when their absorption is the same and they appear similar.
a.) higher mas
b.) contrast agent
c.) direct transmission
d.) higher kvp
b.) contrast agent
As atomic number increases, what happens to compton scatter?
a.) compton scatter decreases
b.) atomic number has no effect on compton scatter
c.) compton scatter increase
b.) atomic number has no effect on compton scatter
Cosmic radiatioon occurs in which two forms?
a.) natural background and artificial
b.) solar and manmade
c.) artificial and galactic
d.) solar and galactic
d.) solar and galactic
What is the NCRP?
a.) national council of radiology personell
b.) national committee on radiation prevention
c.) national council of radiation protection
d.) national committee on random particles
c.) national council of radiation protection
As absorption of energy increases, the potential for biologic damage:
a.) decreases
b.) increases
c.) stays the same
b.) increases
The ____________ takes into account the type of energy being used.
a.) collective effective dose
b.) tissue weighting factor
c.) absorbed dose
d.) radiation weighting factor
d.) radiaition weighting factor
What is the name of the campaign that seek sto educate medical providers and technologists on reducing the amount of radiaiton produced during procedures and eliminating unneccessary procedures?
Image Wisely
Radiation phobia can be greatly reduced by explaining the diagnostic radiation dose to the patient by using the:
a.) TRACE method
b.) BERT method
c.) ALARA method
d.) ORP method
b.) BERT method
EfD describes which of the following:
a.) the total biologic damage to a human that is caused by equivalent doses recieved by specific organs
b.) the dose of ionizing radiation required to cause diffuse redness over an area of skin
c.) the electrical charge produced in a kilogram of dry air by ionizing radiation
d.) the number of electron ion pairs in a specific volume of air
a.) the total biologic damage to a human that is caused by equivalent doses recieved by specific organs
When a photon is absorbed or scattered, it is said to have been __________.
a.) attenuated
b.) transmitted
c.) increased
d.) quantified
a.) attenuated
The radiographer must answer patient questions about the potential risk of radiation exposure:
a.) abruptly to discourage the patient from asking other questions
b.) evasively so as not to reveal any information about radiation risk
c.) with technical terms
d.) honestly and in understandable terms
d.) honesly andin understandable terms
Which of the following tissues has an atomic number of 13.8?
a.) bone
b.) muscle
c.) air
d.) fat
a.) bone
Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x radiation and biologic matter?
a.) photoelectric absorption
b.) pair production
c.) compton scattering
d.) bremmstrahlung
d.) bremmstrahlung
Xrays and gamma rays used in diagnostic imaging are:
a.) an insignificant dose because they are used safely
b.) part of an artificial background radiation dose
c.) part of natural background
d.) no of concern because the beam is filtered
b.) part of an artificial background radiation dose
Convert 10 Gy to mGy
10,000
Although coherent scattering is most likely to occur ______________, some of this unmodified scattering occurs throughout the diagnostic range and may result in small amounts of radiographic fog.
a.) between 60 kev and 90 kev
b.) between 30 kev and 60 kev
c.) at less than 10 kev
d.) above 100 kev
c.) at less than 10 kev
Rayleigh and Thomson are other types of ___________
a.) modified scattering
b.) photoelectric absorption
c.) compton scattering
d.) coherent scattering
d.) coherent scattering
0.6 Gy is equal to
600 mGy
Which of the following would be used to describe the radiation present in a fluoroscopic room?
a.) sv
b.) rad
c.) C/kg
d.) Gy
c.) c/Kg
During the process of coherent scattering an incident low energy xray photon interacts with
a.) an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentatrily vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
b.) a single inner shell electron ejecting it from its orbit
c.) a scattered photon of lesser energy annihilating it
d.) a single outer shell electron ejecting it from its orbit
a.) an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentarilly vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
Radon is a form of ___________ radiation.
terrestrial
Convert 50 cGy to Gy
.50
Radon accounts for _________% of natural radiaiton exposure
37
Non ionizing radiations usually occur below ________ kev.
10
During photoelectric absorption, the incident photon interacts with a __________.
a.) none; the enrgy is absorbed
b.) nucleus
c.) outer shell electron
d.) inner shell electron
d.) inner shell electron
